Real-World Precedents
• San Diego Unified School District encountered LED disposal issues during lighting upgrades. Disposal costs exceeded installation costs by several multiples requiring exceptional budget revisions. • Santa Monica City bundled old LED removals into a separate recycling contract to save 40% in fees after discovering removal charges would exceed the lighting maintenance budget. • Some end users successfully obtained vendor-funded removal under performance contracts when early failures occurred. Diving deeper into LED technology
Key Positive Features:
o Consumes up to 75% less operating electricity than incandescent bulbs, converting more electricity into light rather than heat. This can reduce electricity bills and supports sustainability by reducing the carbon footprint. o High-quality LEDs can last 25,000–50,000 hours or more, far outpacing incandescent (1,000 hours) or high intensity discharge (HID) (5,000 hours) minimizing replacement needs in hard-to-reach outdoor locations. o Lower energy use and longer life translate into significant long-term savings—often 50–80% on operating costs—despite possible higher upfront prices. o Substantial offerings from many vendors provides cost competitive environment for lowering capital expenditure. o High lumen output can be 100 to 150 lumens per watt (lpw) to provide more light per fixture. o Long range projection allows for lighting longer distances. o Controllable for on/off, dimming, and color changing flexibility o Most popular lighting technology that’s more universally known
Key Deficiencies:
o High glare – cannot be aimed across or uphill. o Downhill orientation creates dangerous forward shadowing. o High flicker rate causes “strobe effect” which distorts depth and speed perception. o Strobe effect is known to cause headaches and even “strobe epilepsy.” o Can freeze over, becoming inoperable. o High blue spectrum bias has been linked to health hazards.
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