o Contains toxic compounds that cannot be easily recycled. o Often fails to meet Dark Sky (light pollution) guidelines and ordinances. o High in-rush current that can adversely affect electricity demand charges. o Low Power Factor (PF) can increase demand charges. o Known to have premature failure rates associated with turning purple, blinking on and off, individual diode burnout, and ballast (driver) overloads.
Consideration should be given to toxic compounds in all LEDs that include: • Aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AllnGaP) - "toxic" • Aluminum phosphide (AllaP) - "highly toxic"
• Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN)- "toxic" • Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) - "highly toxic" • Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs) - "highly toxic"
Safer States published its Analysis of State Legislation Addressing Toxic Chemicals and Plastics on February 8, 2024. Overall, at least 36 states will consider more than 450 bills on toxic chemical and plastics related policies. The analysis further finds that banning “forever chemicals” will continue to dominate beyond 2024, with at least 35 states introducing policies. Other significant legislation anticipated beyond 2024 will address toxic plastics, safe drinking water, and hazardous chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products. Regulations could be instituted at the Federal level through the EPA. If LEDs are already widely deployed, there are ways to address some of the issues as seen in later sections. MIL - Magnetic Induction Technology This system is based upon magnetic induction lighting (MIL) invented by renowned Nikola Tesla, father of alternating current (AC). Unlike conventional lighting that uses filaments, Tesla’s “tubes” circulate energy with opposing magnets without the need for pressurization or a vacuum. When introduced at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, Tesla called his MIL the “Forever Bulb,” boasting an almost indefinite lifecycle. Ironically, MIL technology was never fully embraced as commercially feasible because of its longevity and energy efficiency. The goal at the time when distributed power (the grid) was being developed was to consume as much electricity as possible with bulbs that needed frequent replacement. Because MIL was invented in the 1890s, most lighting consultants and engineers believe it is ”old technology,” or even “obsolete.” These opinions stem from a lack of understanding. Several well-known companies have MIL offerings, but not for snow sports venues. These include Osram Sylvania (Icetron® Quicktronic® System) and Philips (OL System). These were limited offerings as of 2025. Brands are marketed on the basis of extreme longevity exceeding 100,000 hours. Ultra-Tech™ Lighting, which is now Tesla Induction Lighting™,
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