ArborTIMES™ is a digital publication for the tree care industry that delivers tree care business, safety, and equipment news.
Issue 14 | Winter 2026 arbortimes.org
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Tree Care Business, Safety, and Equipment News
MAINTAINING BUCKET TRUCKS THROUGH WINTER WHAT EVERY CREW SHOULD KNOW
THE GREEN CANOPY REPORT THE BATTLE AGAINST PESTS, DISEASES, AND OTHER CHALLENGES IN URBAN FORESTS
BODIES BUILT FOR THE BRANCHES HOW WELLNESS PRACTICES KEEP WORKERS ALOFT
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EDITOR'S NOTE
Building a Smarter, Safer Year Ahead
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As we turn the page on another year in tree care, winter offers a natural pause — a moment to take stock of what worked, what did not, and where we want to go next. For many in our industry, this season marks the start of a new cycle of planning, training, and resetting priorities. It is a time to in- vest in ourselves, our teams, and the tools that help us work smarter and safer, especially as demands on the profession continue to evolve.
On the cover: Tree workers using bucket trucks to clear up broken limbs and debris after a winter storm, prior to line workers attempting to restore electricity. Source: Altec
Amy Kent, Editor
ISSUE 14, WINTER 2026
In this issue, we highlight the importance of beginning the year with intention. That starts with education — both in the classroom and on the job. We look at the pests, diseases, and emerging arbor threats to watch for in 2026, arming you with the knowledge you need to make informed decisions before the busy season arrives. You will also find guidance on building a rigging kit without breaking the bank, a timely reminder that working safely and efficiently does not have to come with an overwhelming price tag. Winter is the ideal time to evaluate equipment and explore new tools that support better workflow. Our feature on apps that help optimize efficiency with estimates offers practical insights into technology that can streamline one of the most time-consuming aspects of daily operations. Whether you are refining bidding processes, coordinating crews, or improving com- munication with clients, the right digital tools can transform the way you work and free up valuable time and resources that can be reinvested in training, gear, and long-term planning. We are also looking ahead to one of the most energizing moments of the year: the return of ArborEXPO™ and the Arbor Awards™ this March. These events bring together professionals across the industry for hands-on learning, networking, rec- ognition, and innovation — an opportunity to recharge, reconnect, and gather ideas that will carry you through the seasons ahead while strengthening community ties. As the winter chill settles in, we hope the articles in this issue inspire you to start the year with clarity, confidence, and renewed commitment to safety, education, and operational excellence. Here’s to a productive, well-prepared, and resilient year for tree care professionals everywhere.
PUBLISHER Sachin Mohan: mohan@arbortimes.org EDITOR Amy Kent: editor@arbortimes.org ASSOCIATE EDITOR Mara Watts: mara@arbortimes.org ART/TECH DIRECTOR Richard May: info@arbortimes.org SAFETY AND TRAINING ADVISORS Jared Abrojena Bob Lehman Korey Conry Ken Palmer Robert Phillips Aaron Dickinson SENIOR ADVISORS Dane Buell Mark Garvin PRODUCED BY EDGE AHEAD ASSOCIATES For editorial and advertising inquiries: 1 Store Hill Rd, PO BOX # 334 Old Westbury, NY 11568 Tel. (516) 399-2627 Email: mohan@arbortimes.org Web: arbortimes.org No part of this publication may be reproduced without written consent of the publisher. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the publisher cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions that may occur. All uncredited photography is either supplied or sourced from a stock image bank or is public domain.
Stay grounded,
Amy Kent
TO SUBSCRIBE email: info@arbortimes.org or subscribe online: arbortimes.org/subscribe
ArborTIMES ™ Winter 2026 | 3
Table of Contents
ISSUE 14, WINTER 2026
ArborTIMES™ is a fully digital publication for the tree care industry. It is produced by Edge Ahead Associates, creator of ArborEXPO™, the industry’s first indoor/outdoor tradeshow and conference for arborists and green industry professionals. We’re connecting with experts, business owners, master trainers, and more to identify top stories and educational opportunities to deliver right to your inbox on a quarterly basis.
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THE GREEN CANOPY REPORT By TJ Yurko With a new year comes a new set of challenges for urban and community foresters who continue to battle against pests, diseases, and other challenges from attacking their cities. 2026 will demand sharper surveil- lance and faster interventions to keep these pesky invaders from compromis- ing the future of our urban forests. MAINTAINING BUCKET TRUCKS THROUGH WINTER By Mara Watts Bucket trucks are some of the most advanced tools used in today’s arboriculture, and operating them safely requires much more than a working knowledge of the controls. Learn how to stay on top of preventative maintenance and detailed inspections.
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EDITOR’S NOTE 3 Winter provides the tree care industry with a chance to reflect, reset priorities, and prepare for the year ahead through renewed planning, training, and investment in people and tools.
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PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
Check out the latest products and services offered by the best brands in the tree care industry.
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ArborTIMES™............................................ 40 Ballard Truck Center....................................22 Bandit. ..................................................... 41 BIK Boom Trucks....................................... 28 CMC North America....................................17 Custom Truck One Source............................24 Doggett..................................................... 9 EZ-Ject......................................................11 Edge Ahead Associates...............................16
Advertiser Index
Almstead................................................. 63 Arbor AWARDS™....................................... 49 ArborEXPO™............................................. 66 Arbornote. ............................................... 55 ArborSystems........................................... 60
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SIX ESSENTIAL PRACTICES FOR MANAG- ING ARBORIST TEAMS By Katie Gustafson Increasingly, companies are turning to digital tools that map job sites, deliver precise instruc- tions to crews, and provide performance insights that enhance future work. BUILDING A RIGGING KIT By Ben Culbreth While arborists can control costs by choosing only the necessary rigging components, cutting corners on critical items may compromise equipment quality and crew safety. BODIES BUILT FOR THE BRANCHES By Cindy O'Hara Tree care work is physically demanding, yet many workers pay less attention to their own wellbeing than to their equipment, leading to preventable injuries and fatigue.
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THE RETURN OF ARBOREXPO™ By ArborTIMES™
USING TREE GROWTH REGULATORS TO ENHANCE TREE HEALTH AND WORKER SAFETY By Patrick Anderson and Dane Buell Once primarily used to limit utility pruning, tree growth regulators (TGRs) are now valued in landscape management for enhancing tree health and resilience in urban and suburban settings. WE WOULD LOVE TO HEAR FROM YOU Got a story idea you’d like to see? Send your ideas to editor@arbortimes.org . Do you have photos of your crew in action? Send them to info@arbortimes.org. Proper techniques and PPE — hard hats, eye and hearing protection, and fall protection — are a must for photos depicting field work. After years of change and challenges, ArborEXPO's return offers a much-needed opportunity for tree care professionals to reconnect with peers, partners, and the passion that drew them to the field.
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LATEST FROM THE INDUSTRY By ArborTIMES™ The Massachusetts
• The Cost of Skipping Spring Pruning • ANSI 300 and Estimates • Managing the Spring Surge And more! OUR SPRING ISSUE COMING IN APRIL
Arborists Association and The Trustees have launched a $300,000 campaign to build an arboriculture learning center at Millborn Farm.
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Thoughtful design, care, and appreciation of our urban forests strengthen them against today’s stresses and prepare them to endure tomorrow’s challenges.
The Green Canopy Report Forecasting Tree Health in 2026 By TJ Yurko, ISA Certified Arborist® (PR-5403A), ISA TRAQ, CLHT
The confluence of climate change, human develop- ment, and invasive species has created a perfect tri- fecta that erodes the natural defenses of our urban forests, pushing them to the brink of collapse. But within this crisis lies an opportunity for change. As our world grows and changes, cities around the world continue to fight a wave of mounting threats against their green spaces. Urban and community forests are facing challenges like never before, con- stantly under siege from emerging epidemics that threaten the resilience and long-term survival of our trees. How we design, value, and steward our urban forests can have a lasting impact that not only helps trees withstand today’s pressures, but also stands the test of time against the future’s challenges. When these conflicts come knocking on our door, it’s time to rally together to defend, restore, and reimagine what care looks like for the urban forests that sustain us.
Climate change, human development, and invasive species have formed a destructive trifecta that weakens the natural defenses of our urban forests and pushes them dangerously close to collapse.
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Spotted Lanternfly Spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) is another heavy hitter in urban for- ests, having quickly moved along the east coast while inching its way closer into the South. Da- vid Whisple, PHC manager at Barrett Tree Service East , emphasized how widespread the spotted lanternfly (SLF) has become, noting its presence in the most surprising places.
“Spotted lanternfly is popping up in many areas as the public
is becoming more familiar with them,” he said. “The tough part about them is that they lay their eggs on almost any- thing — cars, benches, siding, etcetera. This makes it very hard to apply treatment in landscapes.”
Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a highly destructive invasive insect responsible for widespread ash tree mortality across North America. Key signs include D-shaped exit holes, canopy dieback, among others.
Nicole Carpenter, presi- dent of Black Pest Preven- tion , anticipates that longer, warmer growing seasons will contrib- ute to more unwelcome sightings of this and many other pests. “In the Northeast, that [weather] gave spotted lanternflies and magnolia scale extra time to feed and lay eggs,” Car-
“Look for D-shaped holes in the tree and dieback [in the canopy],” Robert Caffrey, owner of Caffrey Tree & Landscape LLC advised. Other EAB symptoms include bark blonding, S-shaped larval galleries, and woodpecker activity.
EXHIBIT A: INVASIVE SPECIES The presence of invasive species in urban forests is not new, though its scope and impact on trees increase significantly ev- ery year. According to a research study published in 2022, it is estimated that 1.4 million street trees in the United States will be decimated by insects from 2020 to 2050 , costing an annualized average of $30 million. Ninety percent (90%) of these mortalities are expected to result from a very tiny, very familiar adversary. Emerald Ash Borer The prolific tyranny of emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis ) has been raging for decades since it was first de- tected in 2002. This scintillating jewel beetle from northeast Asia has all but captured the heart of the Midwest and is en route to populate the rest of the continent in the coming years. With no signs of slowing down anytime soon, EAB is causing considerable alarm in many ash-dominant communities across North America.
Spotted lanternfly (SLF) is a damaging invasive pest of many trees and crops. Look for egg masses in fall-spring, nymphs in spring-summer, and adults in summer-winter.
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penter explained. “So, we should ex- pect a pretty heavy lanternfly nymph hatch in 2026, especially on maples and ornamentals.” Magnolia Scale Tipping the scales at one half-inch, magnolia scale (Neolecanium cor- nuparvum) is the largest soft-scale insect in the US. Even though it is a native insect, magnolia scale contin- ues to be a growing concern in many ornamental landscapes, resulting in an exponential number of calls from homeowners seeking solutions for this problematic pest. “Magnolia scale was very tough for us to control in 2025,” Whisple re- called. “It was a very popular topic for clients as well as sales arborists at site visits.” According to the PHC manager, mag- nolia scale is hard to miss, and the honeydew it drops leads to sooty mold
Magnolia scale is a significant pest of magnolia trees, known for its large size and the sticky honeydew it produces, which can lead to sooty mold growth.
that coats the plants beneath it. That sticky buildup often draws stinging insects, which can be a real concern for families with children spending time outdoors. In addition, the pest’s proliferation has been steadily increasing in re-
cent years, though its future impact on ornamental landscapes remains to be seen. “Populations seemed a bit higher in 2025 than the last number of years, so it will be interesting to see how that trans- lates in 2026,” Whisple concluded.
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Dishonorable Mentions There are many other pests to watch for in 2026. Oak wilt ( Bretziella fagacearum ), laurel wilt disease ( Har- ringtonia lauricola ), Phythoptera blight and root rot ( Phytophthora spp. ), spongy moth ( Lymantria dispar dispar ), hem- lock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae ), box tree moth ( Cydalima perspectalis ), and southern pine beetle ( Dendrocto- nus frontalis ) are just a few contenders that urban foresters should keep an eye out for. Kevin Brewer, Northeast regional tech- nical manager at Arborjet | Ecologel warned that climate will play a critical role in shaping the epidemiology of fu- ture pest infestations. “Trees in the Northeast and Midwest are being exposed to new disorders, and climate change is a major influenc- ing factor,” he said. UNDER PRESSURE Climate change is a major driver of the urban forest health crisis. Phytopathol- ogists, entomologists, and plant health care specialists have long forewarned the convergence of climate with other stressors and the deleterious conse-
Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a deadly disorder of beech trees caused by a parasitic nematode. Look for dark- green banding, thickened or leathery texture, and yellowed, curled, or deformed leaves.
mented before, a warning that invasive species recognize no boundaries and can impact communities everywhere. “Beech leaf disease continues to dom- inate concern among tree and na- ture-lovers in much of the Eastern Unit- ed States,” he said. “Just last month, I visited the first site of BLD discovery in North Carolina, with the nematodes having made, rather inexplicably, their way to yet another new state.”
Beech Leaf Disease Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a lethal disorder affecting beech trees ( Fagus spp. ), caused by the parasitic nematode ( Litylenchus crenatae ssp . mccannii .) Ef- fective treatments have been developed for specimen trees and further man- agement research is ongoing. Diseases also pose a significant risk to tree health. Virulent pathogens can quickly multiply and disrupt a tree’s physiological processes, resulting in di- minished canopy cover over time. The rise of one emergent disease has left many industry professionals feeling increasingly uneasy, raising serious concerns for the future of our beech forests. “The threat I am most concerned about is the rapid spread of beech leaf dis- ease,” Tammy Sons, founder & CEO of TN Nursery confided. “Native beech trees are being decimated by this dis- ease, and research is still underway to learn how to manage it.” Dr. Matthew Borden, research scien- tist/plant pathologist at Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories reported how BLD detections are surfacing in areas where the disease had not been docu-
The hemlock woolly adelgid is an invasive insect that attacks hemlock trees by feeding on their sap, leading to tree decline and death. Recognizable by white, cotton-like egg sacs it produces on the underside of branches.
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quences for forest health and survival. Many experts stress that this phenom- enon may lead to additional obstacles in the landscape. “Some US states are experiencing warmer and longer falls than average this year, and this can easily turn into a pest problem for trees in 2026,” Carpenter warned. “Longer fall with higher temperatures than average means pests stay active longer and lay more eggs, and this results in big- ger populations next year.” Climate change impacts are also ev- ident at the regional scale, where ab- normal weather patterns intensify the severity of tree disorders. “The Northeastern United States is pro- jected to continue experiencing notable effects in the form of more precipitation as rain rather than snow paired with warmer winter temperatures,” Borden noted. “While an extended growing season or less snow may sound wel- come to some, diseases like Phytoph- thora can also benefit from extended periods of cool, wet soil conditions.” Even though hundreds of urban trees die every year, pestilence is not al- ways to blame. Many tree problems are caused by concurrent contributing fac- tors, with abiotic disorders like drought stress, freeze-thaw damage, soil com- paction, and improper tree care acting as a catalyst to lure in opportunistic or secondary pests. Sons explained the dynamism of en- vironmental pressures and how they feed into a tree’s susceptibility to pests and diseases. “Longer periods of heat and less pre- dictable rainfall patterns will weaken tree health and make them more sus- ceptible to pest invasions and stress,” she cautioned. “Think of it as a one-two punch, with drought weakening the tree and then a pest taking it out.” If a tree is burdened under the weight of too many kinds of pressure at once, it can enter a steady decline known as the
Urban trees face extra stress from limited soil, heat, pollution, and human activity, which can speed their decline.
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“ mortality spiral ,” where each stress compounds the next until recovery is no longer possible. This is a pressing challenge for urban foresters who find themselves racing against the clock to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Many tree care professionals are turn- ing back time by returning to prove- nance, selecting species that are pro- gressively adapted to the local climate challenges to restore balance and lay the groundwork for healthier, more re- silient urban forests. “In the long term, we need to plant regionally adapted, pest-resistant na- tives in order to have less of a land- scape-scale loss,” Sons stressed. Ultimately, caring for trees amid cli- mate change means recognizing that they are part of a larger system, one that is constantly shifting and adapting in an ever-changing world. This is why the concept of “right tree, right place” is now more important than ever, as thoughtful choices today can shape the longevity of the landscape tomorrow. “The entire landscape is a living, evolv- ing entity, and it will change with weather patterns and natural plant and insect life cycles,” Whisple reflected. “Any tree or planting will struggle if it is not in the correct environment.” READY, SET, ACTION Fighting back against key threats and challenges is no easy feat, but there is hope. Early detection of pests, diseases, and other challenges in the landscape helps prevent problems before they start, providing plant healthcare pro- fessionals with a decisive advantage in maintaining tree health. “Early monitoring in the field will be key,” Whisple noted. Effective monitoring is the critical first step, but what should we do when communities are already facing an on- slaught of pest attacks?
Urban tree deaths aren’t always caused by pests. Many decline because of multiple stresses such as drought, freeze‑thaw cycles, and compacted soil.
invasive insects is that preventative op- tions aren’t always available at the on- set of pest pressure,” Brewer observed. Meet integrated pest management (IPM). With a toolkit of preventative, cultural, physical, biological, and chemical con- trols, IPM uses a combination of effec-
tive, environmentally sensible methods to create a standard for managing pests, diseases, and other challenges in urban forests. Because of this holistic philos- ophy, it is important to adopt a “forest for the trees” perspective and evaluate all possible interventions when devel- oping treatment plans for trees. “To allow us to successfully implement the process of integrated pest manage- ment, we have to react to the landscape in real time with effective techniques that take the whole picture into ac- count,” Whisple emphasized. “It isn’t always about jumping right into chemi- cal intervention.” There are absolutely times when that approach is needed and worthwhile, but it is just as important to regular- ly assess the landscape for pests and diseases and use additional strategies alongside it. Effective IPM practices may involve physically removing eggs, juveniles, and adult insects from trees by hand or with water.
Effective monitoring and early detection of pests, diseases, and other issues lets plant healthcare professionals act before problems develop.
“The toughest part about dealing with
ArborTIMES ™ Winter 2026 | 13
Integrated pest management strategies can significantly improve the health of afflicted trees, including the use of systemic root flare injections to manage beech leaf disease.
That perspective has become especially important as emerging pests and dis- eases spread across North America. Recent advances in pesticide technolo- gy are offering new hope — particularly in the battle against BLD. Experts from around the country are testing these tools, comparing notes, and sharing
what is showing early promise in their own landscapes and plant healthcare programs. Brewer is among those reporting en- couraging results.
Other techniques include:
•Installing barriers or traps, selec- tively pruning dead, damaged, or diseased material, •Releasing applicable biocontrols, •Applying targeted pesticides, •Choosing appropriate tree species, and •Cultivating a desirable growing environment for trees. Even though chemical controls have declined in recent years, they still serve an important purpose within an IPM program. As Borden explained, “While we can- not rely solely on chemical tools, diver- sifying modes of action is important to reduce the risk of resistance develop- ment.” His point underscores why PHC profes- sionals continue exploring new chem- istries and application methods rather than abandoning them altogether.
“PHOSPHO-jet injections have yielded
Keeping a close eye on early signs and symptoms is key to stopping problems before they spread, both by correctly identifying the culprit and applying treatments at the right stage of its life cycle.
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Research at the nation- al level is pushing inno- vation even further. “The EPA recently ap- proved a new line of nematicide products containing an active in- gredient which is high- ly effective on the group of nematodes that in- cludes the BLD-causing pest,” Borden explained. “While the new tool has the same mode of ac- tion as the current and very effective fluopy- ram-based treatment, the advantage is the
promising results in the fight against beech leaf disease,” he noted. “Canopy health trials conducted on Long Island, New York show excellent nematode control, particularly when paired with the 9-gallon AMP I.V. injection system.” His team’s experience highlights how injections are evolving to better target BLD at the canopy level. Meanwhile, other professionals are seeing progress with different delivery systems. “We are seeing promising results with foliar applications of a nematicide called Fluopyram. As we are following the science in real time, the industry is finding that we can get acceptable coverage at a lower rate than originally thought,” Whisple reported. His observations suggest that foliar applications may offer flexibility and efficiency as the industry learns more about rate optimization.
Foliar nematode Litylenchus crenatae, the cause of Beech Leaf Disease.
potential for a soil-applied treatment for root uptake. We plan to evaluate these products as they become available.” His team’s upcoming evaluations may open the door to additional, more ac- cessible treatment options.
Tree care is never one-size-fits-all. When it comes to IPM, true success de- pends on recognizing the individuality of each tree and developing manage- ment plans tailored to specific needs and vulnerabilities.
“Every tree is a unique living thing and
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ArborTIMES ™ Winter 2026 | 15 WWW.QUESTPRODUCTS.US
ABOUT THE AUTHOR TJ Yurko is an ISA Certified Arborist ® (PR-5403A), ISA TRAQ Arborist, and Certified Landscape Horticul- turist Technician at his company, Tree J Consulting , where he advises clients on urban forestry and arboriculture best management practices and strategies for tree care operations. In a world where invasive pests and diseases continue to shift and spread, shared responsibility is the corner- stone to preserving the legacy of our urban forests. Without decisive ac- tion now, the trees we cherish may vanish before people ever get to know them. Only by responding with care can we honor our responsibility to current and future generations, pass- ing down the gifts that trees provide for us all.
routine pressures. Problems like soil compaction, major soil disruption, low organic matter, salt exposure, in- efficient irrigation, and planting the wrong species in the wrong location are widespread — and often issues we can actively address. “Focus on the numerous cultural issues we can control and alleviate,” Borden continued. “Diversify the urban cano- py where possible, address soil issues, and recommend better plant material and good quality nursery stock.” Likewise, Brewer supported analyzing environments holistically. “Healthy soil produces healthy trees,” he shared. “So even if your region isn’t currently affected, there are always steps that can be taken to improve the growing environment. And keep cur- rent on at-risk tree species and the associated threats moving into your region.”
will respond differently,” Whisple stat- ed. “It is important to monitor and take into account all of its surroundings and stressors to find the best method of treatment to help it flourish.” NEXT-GEN FORESTS The future of the urban forest rests in our hands. As industry profession- als, we have a choice. We either allow these challenges to crumble the green infrastructure of our cities, or we rise to meet and overcome them. Real success will come from restructuring how we protect and manage the urban environ- ment, focusing on what lies within our control and working with nature, not against it. “We are, in most cases, not working in natural environments,” Borden stressed. Although some environmental stress- ors are beyond our control, many land- scapes face a host of more immediate,
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18 | Winter 2026 ArborTIMES ™ Bucket trucks are among the most sophisticated pieces of equipment in modern arboriculture, and their safe operation demands far more than basic familiarity, especially in winter.
With the heavy loads bucket trucks carry and the heights they operate at, even a minor issue can escalate quickly when winter weather sets in.
Maintaining Bucket Trucks Through Winter What Every Crew Should Know By Mara Watts
Bucket trucks are among the most sophisticated piec- es of equipment in modern arboriculture, and their safe operation demands far more than basic familiar- ity. Skilled operators must be thoroughly trained in best practices, manufacturer specifications, and all applicable standards. Equally essential is consistent preventative maintenance and rigorous inspection – critical safeguards that ensure both worker safety and peak equipment performance. With the critical loads they move and the heights they reach, a seemingly small issue can turn det- rimental fast, especially once winter weather rolls in. That’s why staying on top of maintenance and inspections is so important. This article will guide you through the cruciality of routine checks and maintenance, the standards that matter most, and the practical actions that keep a bucket truck performing safely and smoothly – not just during peak season, but all year long.
WHY REGULAR MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTIONS MATTER
Routine inspections and consistent maintenance are non-negotiable when it comes to bucket truck safety. They play a critical role in preventing acci- dents and ensuring crews rely on equipment that is safe, dependable, and efficient. These checks matter because they: •Inspect safety features; •Verify that the bucket can safely operate; •Ensure the boom can extend through its full range without issue; •Identify unusual wear or damage that could lead to a possible component failure; •Test and maintain the controls on lifting mecha- nisms to confirm they’re functioning properly; •And ultimately, keep the bucket truck at optimal performance.
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Routine inspections and consistent maintenance are non-negotiable when it comes to bucket truck safety.
The ANSI A92.2 is the primary industry standard for vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating aerial devices. It defines the responsibilities of manu- facturers, owners, operators, and employers, and places a heavy emphasis on safe operation, opera- tor training, routine maintenance, and structured inspection schedules, which include: • Frequent Inspection and Test — Conduct- ed on daily to monthly intervals • Periodic Inspection or Test — Conducted on one to twelve month intervals • Major Structural Inspection — Conducted after the first fifteen years of service and then at intervals of every ten years after • Post Event Inspection or Test — Conduct- ed after any accident or event in which the aerial lift is subjected to excessive loading or stress These inspections are all aimed at identifying wear, preventing equipment failure, and ensur- ing the structural integrity of the boom, bucket, and hydraulic systems. OSHA regulations work alongside ANSI by re- inforcing the legal responsibilities of employers and operators. OSHA requires that only trained personnel operate aerial lifts, as outlined in 1910.67(c)(2)(ii) . Operators who are proper- ly trained understand inspection procedures, recognize hazards, and know how to identify mechanical or hydraulic issues.
Before extreme or freezing temperatures ar- rive, it’s important to go ahead and schedule or conduct your maintenance and inspection services ahead of time. “It’s always a good idea to schedule your main- tenance around wintertime,” said John Dean, national account sales manager at Custom Truck One Source . “This makes sure that if there’s a problem, it can be taken care of before everything’s covered in grime, dirt, and frozen sawdust.” Not to mention, ANSI and OSHA both require regular inspections on specific intervals – and for good reason. THE ANSI Z133 AND A92.2 STANDARDS AND OSHA REGULATIONS Bucket truck safety is governed by two indus- try standards: ANSI Z133 and OSHA. Together, they lay out the requirements for how bucket trucks must be designed, maintained, inspect- ed, and operated to ensure the highest level of safety in the field. The ANSI Z133 standard specifies several safe- ty requirements for the use of bucket trucks – primarily focusing on fall protection, electrical hazard awareness, annual electrical testing, and safe operating practices. Z133 states that inspections shall be done but doesn’t necessari- ly explain how – that’s when you turn to A92.2.
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Inspections are all aimed at identifying wear, preventing equipment failure, and ensuring the structural integrity of the boom, bucket, and hydraulic systems.
When it comes to aerial lift inspec- tions, OSHA divides them into three categories: • Pre-start inspections — Conducted at the start of every workday and requires the operator to check both the vehicle and lift components before operation. • Routine use inspections — These are ongoing checks performed throughout the workday as condi- tions change. • Annual inspections — Compre- hensive evaluations performed by a qualified mechanic. This profes- sional assesses the vehicle and lift’s structural integrity, hydraulics, electrical systems, and safety fea- tures in great detail. These inspections ensure the bucket truck is closely monitored and fully assessed, providing a safe and efficient worksite for all.
In the wintertime, specifically, the chassis is the key area that operators should focus on in their inspections first, according to Dean. “This is because the chassis is going to be more susceptible to winter con- ditions than most of the aerial lifts,” he said. “The chassis needs to be covered first, making sure that the mainte- nance schedules are up to the manu- facturer’s specifications.” But should a defect be found during an inspection or at any given time, both OSHA and ANSI emphasize that the equipment must be immediately re- moved from service and repaired by a qualified person. This rule exists to prevent catastrophic failures. Please note: It’s essential to not only complete the required inspections list- ed above at the proper intervals, but also to follow all manufacturer-recom- mended maintenance to keep your ae- rial lift performing at its best.
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Daily Bucket Truck Inspections According to both ANSI and OSHA, buck- et trucks should be inspected daily – be- fore operation and periodically through- out the workday. These routine checks keep the equipment in good working condition. Daily inspections not only catch minor issues early, but they also identify problems that could escalate into major failures if left unaddressed. “Daily inspections aren’t just busy- work – they’re how you catch the small things before they turn into the big things,” Craig Moses, director of sales for Arbortech , said. “When you’re working at height, even a minor issue can become a major hazard, quickly.” General and Exterior Checks A thorough daily walk-around of the truck’s exterior is the first step to ensur- ing a bucket truck is safe and job-ready. When conducting the general exterior
A careful daily walk‑around of the truck’s exterior is the essential first step in making sure a bucket truck is safe and ready for the day’s work.
identify wear, prevent breakdowns, and extend the life of the equipment. Of course, as crucial as these daily, weekly, and annual maintenance tasks are in the wintertime, they should be implemented year-round to ensure op- timal performance and safety.
MAINTENANCE & INSPECTIONS FOR BUCKET TRUCKS Proper maintenance and routine in- spections are essential to keeping buck- et trucks safe, reliable, and compliant with industry standards. Daily, weekly, and annual inspections help operators
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inspection, look for anything that is out of the ordinary. The truck body should be free from any visible damage, dents, or deformation, and the glass and mir- rors should be intact with no cracks. Open and close all doors and windows to ensure they function smoothly. And take a moment to scan the hydrau- lic cylinders and hoses – any fraying, bulging, or leaking indicates that they need immediate attention. The exterior of the vehicle should also be free from corrosion, and all nuts and bolts – especially those securing core components – must be tight and ac- counted for. Check every tire, including the spare, to confirm they are inflated and in good condition. Look under- neath the truck for any visible leaks, and then move to the boom. The boom should show no signs of rust, deformation, or damage. Inspect the boom rest or cradle, along with all pins, rings, and bolts, to ensure everything is secure. Next, check the bucket. Confirm the mounting is solid, the liner is intact, and the door latch opens and closes as it should. Outriggers, outrigger pads, and tie-off points should also be inspected for wear and structural integrity. Lastly, take a moment to verify that all required decals – such as safety labels, warnings, operating instruc- tions, etc. – are legible and in place, and that the operator’s manual is stored in the truck.
When it comes to preparing bucket trucks for winter, oil is the key area that operators should focus on first.
be topped off and clean, and engine coolant must be at the proper level. “Coolant is a very important part of the truck,” Dean said. “It makes sure that the engine stays cool and doesn’t freeze up in the engine." Next, move onto the hydraulic fluid, confirming it’s within the manufac- turer’s recommended range. Take a quick look for any fuel leaks and check to ensure there’s enough fuel for the day.
hazard as the operator drives down the road. “It’s no different than when you see big sheets of ice fly off the top of a car,” said Dean. “The same thing hides inside the aerial lift, on top of the booms, and all the components – all that water sits there and freezes.” One way to avoid these kinds of acci- dents is by using bucket covers to keep water from weighing down and freez- ing inside the bucket. “Once it gets weighed down, that water accumulates and freezes,” he said. “It can turn into a giant block of ice, and as the truck goes down the road, the wind can get underneath it and lift it up.” At a minimum, Dean recommended cleaning off bucket trucks and large equipment before driving or operating them to prevent unwanted hazards on and off the road. Fluids Checks The next step is to pop the hood and check all fluid levels. Brake fluid should
Bucket Truck Fluids During Wintertime Operation
General & Exterior Winter Inspection Tips
When it comes to preparing bucket trucks for winter, Lumberg said oil is the key area that operators should fo- cus on first: “Altec recommends warming up the oil when temperatures are below 32 degrees Fahrenheit.” It’s important to refer to the manufac- turer’s recommendations, as some may request a different viscosity, or thick- ness, of oil for wintertime operation.
Eric Lumberg, product safety manager at Altec , explained that as tempera- tures drop in the winter, his compa- ny recommends keeping steps and walkways clear of ice and snow. This precaution also follows the regular project manager (PM) checklist found in Altec’s maintenance manual. Just as importantly, if there’s ice pres- ent on the aerial lift, it could cause a
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•All controls •Battery •Seat belt •Backup alarm
most like driving an EV,” he stated. “When you get home in the after- noon, you plug it in. It’s practically the same thing – in the winter, you’ll want to plug the truck in every single night to make sure that it’s not super cold and the diesel fuel doesn’t gel up. This is considered a pre-mainte- nance task.”
“It’ll run smoother,” Dean said. “In cold weather, diesel fuel will actually turn into a gel if it gets cold enough. The same thing goes for oil – it takes lon- ger to heat it up until it becomes thin enough to be effective.” In northern regions that see more extreme temperatures in the winter, it’s also recommended to check that the block heater is functional. Block heaters plug in directly to the truck using a 110-volt outlet, ensuring the engine block is warm and the diesel fuel stays fluid. “If it does gel up, it doesn’t flow well, and sometimes the truck just will not start,” he said. “If the truck is equipped with a block heater, you’ll be sure it ac- tually functions and works.” Dean compared plugging a truck into a block heater to plugging in an electric vehicle.
Safety & Emergency Equipment
Finally, inspect and confirm that all required safety and emergency equip- ment is stocked, accessible, and in good working order. This includes: •First aid kit •Fire extinguisher •Traffic cones •Warning signs and flags •Tools and equipment •Personal protective equipment (PPE) •Outrigger pads and/or mats •Wheel chocks
Pre-Operational Checks
After the exterior and fluids pass in- spection, move into the cab and perform pre-operational system checks. The fol- lowing should be in good working order:
•Brakes •Steering wheel •Horn •Turn signals •Wipers •Lights – headlights, tail lights, brake lights, flashers
“It’s a funny comparison, but it’s al-
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DOT & FMCSA Required Safety Equipment for Commercial Trucks It’s also important to note that the De- partment of Transportation (DOT) and Federal Motor Carrier Safety Adminis- tration (FMCSA) require commercial trucks to be stocked with specific emer- gency and safety gear. This includes fire extinguishers, reflective warning devices, and spare fuses. In some cases, first aid kits and other safety- related items, like high-visibility vests, are required. These regulations generally apply to Commercial Motor Vehicles over 10,000 lbs gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), buses, and any vehicle trans- porting placarded hazardous materials. In addition to carrying the proper equipment, drivers must complete a daily DOT inspection. Under 49 CFR 396.13, this involves checking all critical safety components and doc- umenting any defects on a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) – a mandated paper form that must be completed every day. Drivers must inspect brakes, tires, lights, steering, suspension, coupling, fluid levels, and the emergency equipment itself. If all of the above daily inspection items check off and no faults are identified, then the bucket truck is safe to operate.
It’s important to keep up with the maintenance and inspections of bucket trucks, even when it’s cold outside.
pivot points, and other components of the aerial lift. Dean advised for bucket trucks to be kept on regularly sched- uled maintenance. “You put grease in, it pushes out the old. That will help push out any of the abrasives, salt, or chemicals put on the road that can get in the aerial lift.” To prevent rust, corrosion, and paint damage during winter, Moses said to wash the truck every now and then. “Tree guys are often very tough on their trucks and they tend to let them go,” he stated. “A good washing or spray down every now and then helps clean off the tree acid and cleans off any of the grime and grit from the road that may affect the operations or get into the paint.” Annual Inspections Annual bucket truck inspections are comprehensive evaluations that are only performed by an authorized me- chanic who is OSHA- and ANSI-certi- fied. These inspections typically cover the hydraulic system, electrical compo- nents, structural integrity, and all safe- ty and restraint devices.
outside in the snow or cold, rain or wind,” he said. “It’s important to keep up with the maintenance and inspec- tions even when it’s cold outside.” A key focus during weekly inspections is the hydraulic system, electrical components, and chip body. Dean not- ed that in winter, operators should be aware that the lift may operate more slowly at first, but checking fluid levels remains important. “Be aware that the lift might run slow- er in the wintertime, but you still want to make sure you have enough fluid in there to begin with,” he said. While tank heaters are available for ex- tremely cold climates – like North Da- kota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, or north- ern Michigan – they are generally not required. “It’ll be real slow to begin with until the frictional oil moving through the machine warms it back up – but it’ll work,” Dean explained. Winter road conditions introduce ad- ditional hazards. Salt, sand, and other abrasives can accumulate in bearings,
Weekly Bucket Truck Maintenance & Inspections
Weekly inspections are a bit more de- tailed. These are more thorough assess- ments that check the bucket truck’s performance after it has been used for a week of work. Dean emphasized that it’s import- ant to stay consistent with scheduled inspections and maintenance, even in challenging weather conditions. “Sometimes maintenance is over- looked, especially if the truck is parked outside, because nobody wants to be
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chips freeze, it creates a huge wood block in the back of the truck. If this happens, the crew has to be in the back with a pickaxe to get them free.” If a bucket truck must be parked outside in below freezing temperatures, a few protective measures can help minimize freeze-related damage to the chip body: •Dump the load daily; •Clean out around the doors, includ- ing toolboxes to prevent the door According to Moses, caring for the chip body in the wintertime boils down to the basics: maintaining it, cleaning it off, greasing everything, and double checking the hoist and hydraulics. “The only time we see issues is when folks don’t grease properly. Grease weekly if you’re dumping every day,” Moses said. “Too much grease is never a problem,” he continued. “Too little is.” WINTER EQUIPMENT STORAGE & PROTECTIVE MEASURES Even when stored or unused for exten- sive periods of time, mobile hydraulic equipment still requires regular main- tenance. Lumberg explained that, de- pending upon the climate, lack of use may begin to have a negative effect in as little as two weeks. from freezing shut; and, •Clean off ice and snow. “Storage for a period of several months will almost certainly produce some de- terioration of the equipment,” he added. “Rust will form on unprotected ferrous metal surfaces very quickly, and water will collect inside unit structures.” Lumberg explained that in dry climates, gaskets will begin to shrink during long periods of non-use, and lubricants will lose their effectiveness. In cold climates, condensation may occur in fluid reser- voirs and other components.
moisture finds its way into latches, han- dles, or hydraulic components, freezing temperatures can quickly interfere with operations. Staying ahead of wood chip buildup and keeping the chip body clean is essential for reliable performance all season long (and beyond). To keep the chip body in good working condition in the cold, Moses said the most important task is to ensure all the different points are greased that need to be greased. “Grease, grease, grease – do this, be- cause everything seems to contract when it’s cold,” he explained. “Make sure the hinges are greased, the rear hinge on the lift of the body, as well as the hoist hinge and hoist pivot points.” Secondly, crews should dump the load and get the chips out. There might be some residual chips left in the body, but they shouldn’t affect operations. “If you have a full load, or even a half load, I’d say to get rid of that almost daily during the wintertime. This will prevent them from condensating and freezing,” said Moses. “When wood
For insulated units, this also includes the OSHA 1910.67(c)(4) required annual boom electrical certification, which verifies that the insulated boom still provides proper dielectric protec- tion. This testing is critical for main- taining the boom’s insulating factor and ensuring crew safety. By ensuring these systems are func- tioning properly, annual inspections help extend the truck’s lifespan, main- tain safe operation, and minimize the risk of costly downtime or accidents. Lumberg advised that components should be inspected to prevent issues like corrosion, cracked seals, or hydrau- lic failures. This check should be con- ducted every year before winter sets in. “[Components] should be kept clean, reg- ularly maintained, and functional accord- ing to the operator’s manual,” he said. WINTER CARE & MAINTENANCE FOR THE CHIP BODY Winter weather can be tough on the chip body, especially when snow and ice build up around doors, hinges, and toolboxes. If
To keep the chip body in good working condition in the cold, the most important task is to ensure all the differ- ent points are greased that need to be greased.
In other words, no climate is truly “safe”
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