TEXTBOOK ON THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
7. Basis, object, and duration of martial law ....................... 357 8. Restrictions on the exercise of the two (2) powers............ 358 9. Effects of a state of martial law ........................................ 359 SECTION 19 1. Pardoning power ................................................................ 361 2. Meaning of reprieve and suspension of sentence ............ 361 3. Meaning of commutation .................................................. 361 4. Meaning of pardon ............................................................. 362 5. Object of pardoning power ................................................ 362 6. Kinds of pardon ................................................................. 362 7. Limitations upon the pardoning power ............................ 363 8. Effects of pardon ................................................................ 363 9. Remission of fines and forfeitures .................................... 363 10. Meaning of amnesty ........................................................... 364 11. Effect of amnesty ................................................................ 364 12. Pardon and amnesty distinguished................................... 364
SECTION 13
1. Disabilities of President, Vice President, Members of Cabinet, and their deputies and assistants ........ 340 2. Rule on nepotism ................................................................ 342
SECTION 14
1. Appointments extended by an Acting President ............. 342
SECTION 15
1. Appointments preceding a presidential election ............. 343
SECTION 16 1. Meaning of appointment .................................................... 344 2. Nature of power to appoint ................................................ 344 3. Officials whose appointments are vested in the President ............................................................ 345 4. Confirmation of appointments by Commission on Appointments....................................................... 346 5. Appointment by other officials .......................................... 347 6. Kinds of presidential appointments .................................. 347 7. Ad interim appointments .................................................. 348 8. Kinds of appointment in the career services ................... 348 9. Steps in the appointing process ........................................ 349 10. Kinds of acceptance ........................................................... 349 11. Meaning of designation ...................................................... 350 12. Removal power of the President ........................................ 350 13. Extent of the President’s power to remove ....................... 351
SECTION 20
1. Authority to contract and guarantee foreign loans ......... 365
SECTION 21
1. Meaning of treaty .............................................................. 367 2. Distinguished from international agreement and executive agreement ................................................ 367 3. Steps in treaty-making ..................................................... 367
SECTION 22
SECTION 17
1. Budgetary power of the President .................................... 368
1. Power of control over all executive departments, bureaus, and offices ................................................. 351 2. Nature and extent of the power of control ....................... 352 3. Power to insure that the laws be faithfully executed ...... 353
SECTION 23
1. Prerogative to address and appear before Congress ....... 369
ARTICLE VIII — JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT SECTION 1
SECTION 18
1. Military power of the President ........................................ 354 2. Powers of President as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces ........................................................... 355 3. Authority of Congress over the armed forces ................... 356 4. Power to suspend privilege of writ of habeas corpus ....... 356 5. Power to declare martial law ............................................. 356 6. Meaning of martial law ..................................................... 357
1. Meaning of judicial power ................................................. 370 2. Scope of judicial power ...................................................... 370 3. Cases involving legally demandable and enforceable rights .................................................... 371 4. Cases involving grave abuse of discretion ........................ 371 5. Giving of advisory opinions not a judicial function ......... 372
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