STUDENT’S MANUAL ON THE CONSTITUTION
Section 19 (1) Pardoning power, 163; (2) Meaning of certain terms, 164; (3) Limitations upon the pardoning power, 164; (4) Meaning of amnesty, 165; (5) Pardon and amnesty distinguished, 165. Section 20 Authority to contract and guarantee foreign loans, 165. Section 21 (1) Meaning of treaty, 166; (2) Treaty distinguished from international agreement and executive agreement, 166; (3) Approval or ratification, 167. Section 22 Budgetary power of the President, 167. Section 23 Prerogative to address and appear before Congress, 168. Article VIII — JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT Section 1 (1) Meaning of judicial power, 169; (2) Scope of judicial power, 169; (3) Cases that may be brought before courts, 170; (4) Judicial power vested in one Supreme Court and in lower courts, 171; (5) Goal in the organization of the judiciary, 171; (6) Functions of the judiciary, 171; (7) Principle of judicial independence, 172; (8) Provisions designed to safeguard judicial independence, 173. Section 2 Power to apportion jurisdiction of various courts vested in Congress, 174. Section 3 Fiscal autonomy, 174. Section 4 (1) Composition of the Supreme Court, 175; (2) Sitting procedure, 175; (3) Cases to be heard or decided en banc and vote required, 176. Section 5 (1) Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court over cases affecting ambassadors, etc., 178; (2) Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court over petitions for certiorari, etc., 178; (3) Exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 179; (4) Temporary assignment of judges to other stations, 180; (5) Change of venue or place of trial, 181;
(6) Rule-making power of the Supreme Court, 181; (7) Limitations on the rule-making power of the Supreme Court, 182; (8) Substantive and procedural rights distinguished, 182; (9) Judicial procedure, 182; (10) Right to equal justice, 183; (11) Appointment of personnel, 184. Section 6 Administrative supervision over lower courts, 184. Section 7 (1) Qualifications of members of the Supreme Court and any lower collegiate court, 185; (2) Qualifications of judges of lower courts, 185. Sections 8-9 Appointment of members of the Supreme Court and judges of lower courts, 187. Section 10 Compensation of members of the judiciary, 188. Section 11 (1) Tenure of office of members of the judiciary, 188; (2) Meaning of good behavior, 189; (3) Discipline or dismissal of judges of lower courts, 189. Section 12 Prohibition against designation to non-judicial agencies, 190. Section 13 Process of decision-making, 190. Section 14 Contents of decision of court, 191. Section 15 Maximum periods for rendition of decisions, 192. Section 16 Submission of annual report, 192. Article IX — CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS A. COMMON PROVISIONS Section 1 Independent Constitutional Commissions, 194. Section 2 Disabilities of members of Constitutional Commissions, 195.
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