Presentation of Witnesses.................................................................... 57 Swearing-In ................................................................................ 58 Examination of Witnesses .......................................................... 58 Leading and Misleading Questions ............................................ 60 Judicial Affidavit Rule................................................................ 61 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 67 Summary ............................................................................................. 68 Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence ................................................... 69 Burden of Proof vs. Burden of Evidence............................................. 69 Standards of Proof ............................................................................... 70 Confessions in Criminal Cases ........................................................... 74 Circumstantial Evidence in Criminal Cases ....................................... 74 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 75 Summary ............................................................................................. 75
Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 107
CHAPTER IV DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 110 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 110
Lesson 5.
Lesson 9.
EVIDENCE Classification of Documents ............................................................... 111 Public Documents ............................................................................... 111 What are Public Documents ....................................................... 112 Proof of Public Documents......................................................... 116 Private Documents .............................................................................. 120 What are Private Documents ...................................................... 120 Proof of Private Documents........................................................ 121 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 125 Summary ............................................................................................. 125
Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 77
Lesson 10. Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 What are Original Documents.................................................... 127
CHAPTER III OBJECT EVIDENCE
Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 82 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 82
Exceptions to the Original Document Rule......................................... 131 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 135 Summary ............................................................................................. 135 Parol Evidence Rule ............................................................................ 137 Exceptions to the Parol Evidence Rule................................................ 140 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 143 Summary ............................................................................................. 144
vi
Lesson 6.
v DNA Evidence..................................................................................... 89 What is DNA ....................................................................................... 89 Procedure on Using DNA Evidence .................................................... 91 Application for DNA Testing Order ........................................... 92 Post-conviction DNA Testing ..................................................... 93 Weight of DNA Evidence .................................................................... 95 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 98 Summary ............................................................................................. 98 Evidence in Drug Cases ...................................................................... 99 Chain of Custody Rule ........................................................................ 99 Mandatory Witness Rule..................................................................... 105 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 105 Summary ............................................................................................. 105 Object Evidence................................................................................... 83 Purpose of Object Evidence ................................................................ 83 Weight of Object Evidence .................................................................. 83 Categories of Object Evidence ............................................................ 84 Specific Examples of Object Evidence................................................ 85 Paraffin Cast ............................................................................... 85 Fingerprints ................................................................................ 85 Marked Money............................................................................ 86 Polygraph Test............................................................................. 86 Other Examples of Object Evidence.................................................... 86 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 87 Summary ............................................................................................. 88
Lesson 11.
Lesson 12. Electronic Evidence............................................................................. 145 Kinds of Electronic Evidence.............................................................. 145 Admissibility and Proof of Electronic Evidence ................................. 148 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 150 Summary ............................................................................................. 150
Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 152
Lesson 7.
CHAPTER V TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 154 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 154
Lesson 13:
Witnesses............................................................................................. 155 Rights and Obligations of Witnesses................................................... 155 Qualifications of a Witness ................................................................. 156 Disqualifications of Witnesses ............................................................ 158 Disqualification for Lack of Personal Knowledge
Lesson 8.
or Perception to Testify............................................................... 160 Disqualification by Reason of Marriage..................................... 162 Disqualification by Reason of Privileged Communications....... 162 Impeachment of Witnesses.................................................................. 170 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 172 Summary ............................................................................................. 172 Lesson 14. Admissions by Third Parties ............................................................... 174
Chapter Test .................................................................................................................. 107
CHAPTER IV DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
vii Res Inter Alios Acta Rule..................................................................... 174 Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule ........................................ 175 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 180 Summary ............................................................................................. 180
Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................... 110 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 110
Lesson 9.
Classification of Documents ............................................................... 111 Public Documents ............................................................................... 111 What are Public Documents ....................................................... 112 Proof of Public Documents......................................................... 116 Private Documents .............................................................................. 120 What are Private Documents ...................................................... 120 Proof of Private Documents........................................................ 121 Keep in Mind....................................................................................... 125 Summary ............................................................................................. 125
Lesson 15. Hearsay Evidence ................................................................................ 182 Hearsay Rule ....................................................................................... 182 Not Hearsay ......................................................................................... 184 Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule .......................................................... 187 Dying Declaration....................................................................... 188 Statement of Decedent or Person of Unsound Mind................... 190 Declaration Against Interest ....................................................... 192 Act or Declaration about Pedigree .............................................. 193 Family Reputation or Tradition Regarding Pedigree .................. 194 Common Reputation ................................................................... 195 Part of the Res Gestae................................................................. 196
202
Lesson 10. Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 Original Document Rule ..................................................................... 127 What are Original Documents.................................................... 127
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