International Business and Trade
International Business and Trade is intended for business administration students and any layperson interested in going into international marketing. This textbook is aligned with the Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Order No. 17, Series of 2017, and the subject is among the Business Administration Core Courses. The textbook is organized around the 5 W’s—what, who, when, where, why—and the how of international business and trade. The what deals with its foundation—the different theories of international business and trade—and what it covers. The who deals with international business and trade participants. The when deals with when international business and trade started and its development. The where deals with where it exists. The why deals with reasons why international business and trade are important for the development of nations. Lastly, the how deals with processes involved in international business and trade.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
NORMA DY LOPEZ-MARIANO, PHD., FRIEDR
She is an accountant, teacher, and fellow of the Royal Institute of Educators, Singapore. She served as the former dean of the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila and Meycauayan College, and she has been a professor since 1978. Dr. Mariano also taught at the G.S. FAME Institute of Business in Jakarta, Indonesia, handling both graduate and undergraduate levels. As a certified public accountant, she held the position of Chief Finance Officer at G.A. Machineries, Inc., and concurrently served as the Finance Manager of Gami Industries, Inc., its sister company in the Philippines. In the United States, she began as a financial assistant to the president of a company that owned 35 nursing homes in California. She later became a licensed Nursing Home Administrator (NHA) after passing both the state and federal board exams. Dr. Mariano holds a PhD in Commerce from the University of Santo Tomas-Manila (bene meritus), an MBA in Management from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila, and a BSC in Accounting from the Philippine College of Commerce, where she graduated magna cum laude. She has also earned units in Master of Elementary Education from the University of Phoenix Online, USA. All of Dr. Mariano’s educational achievements have been evaluated by the International Education Research Foundation, Inc. as equivalent to degrees granted by accredited colleges and universities in the United States. Her doctoral dissertation received a research scholarship funding from the University of the Philippines Institute for Small-Scale Industries (UP ISS). She graduated as salutatorian in elementary and valedictorian in high school and authored various business, finance, and accounting books for senior high school and higher education.
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