ArborTIMES is a digital publication for the tree care industry that delivers tree care business, safety, and equipment news.
Issue 09 | Fall 2024 arbortimes.org
Tree Care Business, Safety, and Equipment News
Reaching New Heights
Urban Tree Planting Precision in the Canopy Water-Wise Strategies for Arborists Navigating Toxic Plants
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With a new season comes a new era for ArborTIMES , and I am thrilled to be at the helm of the editorial team for such a stellar industry publication. Our previous editor, Millicent Skiles, has le big shoes to fill, but trust that we have just as much quality content and must-read features in store for many issues to come! To introduce myself, I am no stranger to the world of digital content. I come from a background of writing, editing, and marketing. My byline has been featured in outdoor, travel, lifestyle, and industry publications, and I’ve enjoyed every moment I was able to share a bit of knowledge or an enticing story. EDITOR'S NOTE Turning Over a New Leaf
On the cover: The CMC tracked aerial lift is designed to pass through openings as narrow as 36 inches, whether it is a backyard gate or the space between buildings. Source: CMC North America
Amy Kent, Editor
ISSUE 9, FALL 2024
Although, I am more than just a woman behind a laptop. Since my undergraduate career at Loyola University, I have been scraping my knees and knuckles scaling rockfaces across the East Coast and southwestern states. In fact, when I am not working alongside my equally talented and experienced associate editor, Mara Watts, I am a wilderness instructor, training college students to safely set climbs, know their knots, and trust their equipment. I am no stranger to personal protective equipment (PPE) or risky situations, but of course, climbing trees is a whole different technical world that requires even more expertise, awareness, and collaboration. Needless to say, my respect for the tree care community and the profession continues to grow with every article. This issue, I am proud to bring you features on urban landscapes, water conservation, and hiring talent that will perhaps inspire conversation within your organization. You will also find buyers’ guides on aerial lis and rigging kits and equipment as well as protection against common poisonous plants. Our Sage Advice column stars Andy Price, marketing manager for the tree care division at Altec, who speaks to his greatest accomplishments throughout his career. Be sure to flip to our Safety Tailgate in which Bear LeVangie, founder, director, and trainer of the Women’s Tree Climbing Workshop, emphasizes the importance of crossing your T’s and dotting your I’s with job safety analyses (JSAs). Don’t forget to check out arborexpo.org and start planning your visit to the Big E in March 2025. Finally, I would like to mention that my inbox is always open – whether you have an idea for a story, a photo to share, or would simply like to introduce yourself to the new faces of ArborTIMES . I could not be happier to share the voices and perspectives of such a skilled and dedicated community, and I am very excited for the future of the publication and the industry.
PUBLISHER Sachin Mohan: mohan@arbortimes.org EDITOR Amy Kent: editor@arbortimes.org ASSOCIATE EDITOR Mara Watts: mara@arbortimes.org ART/TECH DIRECTOR Richard May: info@arbortimes.org SAFETY AND TRAINING ADVISORS Jared Abrojena Bob Lehman Korey Conry Ken Palmer Aaron Dickinson SENIOR ADVISORS Dane Buell Mark Garvin PRODUCED BY EDGE AHEAD ASSOCIATES For editorial and advertising inquiries: 1 Store Hill Rd, PO BOX # 334 Old Westbury, NY 11568 Tel. (516) 399-2627 Email: mohan@arbortimes.org Web: arbortimes.org No part of this publication may be reproduced without written consent of the publisher. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the publisher cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions that may occur. All uncredited photography is either supplied or sourced from a stock image bank.
TO SUBSCRIBE email: info@arbortimes.org or subscribe online: arbortimes.org/subscribe
Stay grounded,
Amy Kent
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Table of Contents
ISSUE 9, FALL 2024
ArborTIMES is a fully digital publication for the tree care industry. It is produced by Edge Ahead Associates, creator of ArborEXPO, the industry’s first indoor/outdoor trade show and conference for arborists and green industry professionals. We’re connecting with experts, business owners, master trainers, and more to identify top stories and educational opportunities to deliver right to your inbox on a quarterly basis.
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GREENING THE GRAY by Veronica Sparks
Urban tree planting enhances city environments by providing social, economic, and environmental benefits. With careful planning, tree species selection, and adherence to best practices, urban forestry contributes to sustainable, livable cities and supports biodiversity within dense urban areas.
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REACHING NEW HEIGHTS by TJ Yurko
Aerial lis have revolutionized arboriculture by improving safety and efficiency in tree care operations. This article explores different types of aerial lis, their uses, and key considerations for selecting the right li, while emphasizing industry safety standards and certification. EDITOR’S NOTE 3 New managing editor, Amy Kent, intro- duces a new era and editorial team for ArborTIMES , promising plenty of quality content in the coming issues. CMC North America ...................................15 Almstead ................................................58 Altec ...................................................... 23 ArborEXPO .............................................. 68 ArborSystems .......................................... 30 Bandit....................................................... 5 Advertiser Index
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PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
SAFETY TAILGATE
Check out the latest products and services offered by the best brands in the tree care industry.
Bear LeVangie stresses the impor- tance of conducting a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and cultivating a safety- conscious work environment. Morbark ....................................................11 Northern Atlantic Financial ..........................37 Quest Products LLC................................... 53 RBG, Inc................................................... 31 SavATree ................................................. 59 Sennebogen .............................................. 7 SingleOps ...............................................43 Tracked Lifts .............................................. 2 UP Equipment........................................... 21
BIK .......................................................... 13 Branch Manager ....................................... 52 Doggett ...................................................27 Dyna Products...........................................67 Edge Ahead Associates ............................. 45 EZ-Ject ....................................................47 EZ Connector Inc. ..................................... 39 Gene Bridges Scholarship .......................... 46 Jameson Tools ......................................... 29
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DANGER SERIES: NAVIGATING TOXIC PLANTS by Ariel Slick Protect yourself and your team from toxic plants like poison ivy, oak, and sumac with ex- pert tips on identification, pre- vention, and first aid. Discover essential strategies to stay safe and avoid painful rashes while working in the field.
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PPE FOR POISONOUS PLANTS by Jason Collins Prevention is the best treatment for poisonous plants. Protect your skin, respiratory system, and eyes from exposure with these essential pieces of
PRECISION IN THE CANOPY by Jenny Cohen This guide highlights
CLIMBERS WANTED by Ben Culbreth Trained and proficient climbers can be few and far between on the job market, making hiring new team members a daunting task. Find out which key qualifications should be top of mind when considering new climbers. essential rigging equip- ment and safety practices for arborists. Explore the pros and cons of tools and materials like ropes, port- a-wraps, the GRCS, and much more.
personal protective equipment (PPE).
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WATER-WISE STRATEGIES FOR ARBORISTS by Sandy John From climate change to local restrictions, conserving water is an ever-present challenge for tree care workers. With sustainable irrigation techniques and emerging technologies, though, arborists can help combat excess water usage.
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WE WOULD LOVE TO HEAR FROM YOU
SAGE ADVICE by Kelly May
OUR WINTER ISSUE COMING IN JANUARY • Hearing protection • Skid steer loaders • Prep for extreme weather • Pros and cons of specializing And more!
Got a story idea you’d like to see? Send your ideas to editor@arbortimes.org . Do you have photos of your crew in action? Send them to info@arbortimes.org. Proper techniques and PPE — hard hats, eye and hearing protection, and fall protection — are a must for photos depicting field work.
Market manager of Altec, Andy Price, shares some of the most industrious and impactful accomplishments during his career in the tree care industry prior to his retirement.
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Urban landscapes present unique challenges and opportunities for tree planting, which is integral to creating sustainable and livable cities.
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Greening the Gray Urban Tree Planting and the Evolution of Green Cities By Veronica Sparks
care standards, have paved the way for modern urban forestry practices. These milestones highlight the progression of tree-planting initiatives and underscore the growing recognition of the importance of urban trees. In turn, urban forestry continues to enhance the quality of life and environmental health in densely populated areas over time. BENEFITS OF URBAN FORESTRY Urban forestry goes far beyond the simple act of planting trees. It is a strategic and holistic approach to managing the trees and green spaces within cities, yielding a wide range of benefits that impact the envi- ronment, economy, society, and wildlife. As we explore the various contributions of urban for- estry, it is evident that these advantages are both ex- tensive and interconnected. Environmental Benefits One of the most significant environmental contribu- tions of urban forestry is its role in combating the urban heat island effect. This phenomenon occurs
Urban landscapes present unique challenges and opportunities for tree planting, which is integral to creating sustainable and livable cities. As tree care professionals, understanding the dynamics of urban forestry is, of course, crucial for the successful inte- gration of green spaces within city confines. From planning to planting, there are quite a few nat- ural and man-made factors that affect the location, species, and tactics used for the project. If successful, though, the result is an amplified urban environment and cohesive ecosystem. A BRIEF HISTORY OF URBAN TREE PLANTING Urban tree planting is not a novel concept but a deep-rooted practice that has evolved significantly over the centuries. Historically, rapid urbanization led to significant tree loss across our landscapes, prompt- ing various movements to reintegrate nature into city- scapes. Notable moments include the establishment of public parks in the 19th century and the Arbor Day foun- dation in 1872, which marked a pivotal moment in promoting tree planting in urban areas. Industry land- marks, such as the development of the first urban tree
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Along with combatting the urban heat island effect, green spaces also provide areas for recreation, relaxation, and community gatherings.
when urban areas become significantly warmer than their rural surroundings as human activities, buildings, and pavement absorb and retain heat. Urban trees play a crucial role in mit- igating this effect by providing shade, which has been found to reduce temperatures by 5.4°F (3.06°C), on average . They also cool the area through a process known as evapotranspiration. The process in which water is absorbed by the roots and released as water vapor through the leaves. This in turn cools the surrounding air. By lowering temperatures, trees reduce the need for energy-intensive air conditioning, leading to less energy consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
leading to increased property values.
ing rainfall, trees reduce the burden on urban drainage systems, potentially saving cities millions of dollars in stormwater infrastructure costs. This natural absorption process also helps prevent flooding and reduces the risk of water pollution, leading to long-term savings and a more resilient urban infrastructure. At the end of the day, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen- cy , studies have shown that for every $1 spent on urban forestry, $5.60 was returned to the community.
Homes and businesses surrounded by well-maintained trees are considered more desirable, which can boost local real estate markets. Moreover, urban trees can attract businesses and tour- ists, contributing to the local economy. Urban forestry also brings more jobs to urban areas. According to Arbor Day Foundation , urban forestry activities employ over 500,000 people. Another significant economic benefit is the role trees play in stormwater management. By absorbing and filter-
Social Benefits Urban trees are essential to the social fabric of cities, contribut- ing to the well-being of residents in multiple ways. Green spaces created by urban forestry provide areas for recreation, relaxation, and community gatherings, fostering a sense of belonging and social cohesion. These spaces serve as commu- nal areas where people of all ages can connect with nature and each other, which is in- creasingly important in densely populated urban settings.
Additionally, urban trees im- prove air quality by filtering out pollutants and sequestering carbon dioxide, contributing to a healthier urban environment. Economic Benefits The economic benefits of urban forestry are substantial and of- ten underappreciated. Aesthet- ically speaking, trees enhance the appeal of neighborhoods,
Urban forestry introduces new job opportunities in the design, planting, and management of the green spaces.
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Trees and green spaces provide critical habitats for a wide range of wildlife, even in the most densely populated areas.
and enhance urban biodiversity. The presence of wildlife in cities also con- tributes to the ecological balance, sup- porting pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control. Additionally, the preservation and cre- ation of urban green spaces connect fragmented habitats, allowing wildlife to thrive and migrate within the urban landscape. This not only enriches the urban eco- system but also brings residents closer to nature, fostering a greater appreci- ation for the natural world within city boundaries. PLANNING AN URBAN TREE PLANTING PROJECT The benefits of urban trees are plenti- ful, but the project’s success depends on whether those trees flourish and function properly in an urban setting.
ing starts with thorough planning. It involves understanding the specific en- vironmental conditions of the city and the needs of its residents. Assessing the Urban Environment Before any trees are planted, a detailed assessment of the urban environment is necessary. This includes analyzing soil conditions, available space, cli- mate, and existing infrastructure to en- sure that the right trees are planted in the right places. According to Logan Scarborough, CEO of Plank Road Forestry (PRF) Specialists , a crucial part of site assessment has to do with the presence of utility lines in urban forestry. “We look at the minimum approach distance [MAD] from a particular [util- ity] line. We don’t want a tree to be anywhere close to MAD,” he explained. “So, with that being said, we look at very low growing species for urban
Moreover, properly designed trees and shrubs have been shown to reduce noise pollution by acting as natural sound barriers, creating quieter and more peaceful urban environments. The presence of trees and green spac- es also has a profound impact on men- tal health. Studies have shown that spending time in green spaces can lower stress levels, reduce anxiety, and even improve mood, contributing to the overall mental well-being of ur- ban dwellers. Wildlife Benefits Perhaps most obviously, urban forestry is also vital for supporting biodiversity in cities. Trees and green spaces pro- vide critical habitats for a wide range of wildlife, even in the most densely populated areas. Birds, insects, and small mammals rely on urban trees for shelter, food, and breeding grounds, helping to maintain
That is why successful urban tree plant-
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settings — low growing and slow grow- ing species like American [dogwood] would be a great example.” When planting urban trees, tree care professionals must also carefully consider whether the species has an aggressive root system that could po- tentially upli sidewalks and disrupt surrounding infrastructure. Choosing the right tree and proper placement is essential to prevent long- term damage and costly repairs in an urban setting. Selecting Appropriate Tree Species The selection of tree species for urban settings is pivotal. Native species are oen preferred for their compatibility with local ecosystems and lower main- tenance needs. “Introducing non-native species into our environment and our habitat is normally not the right way to go,”
Before planting trees, it is crucial to assess the urban environment, including soil, space, climate, and infrastructure, to ensure the right trees are placed in optimal locations.
Scarborough said. “Native species, in my opinion, are supposed to be here. It doesn’t matter if it’s in a yard or in the middle of a forest — that’s where they’re supposed to be.”
There is a long list of benefits when it comes to planting native trees in urban areas. On the flipside, there are some significant negatives when it comes to non-native species.
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Research indicates that spending time in green areas can reduce stress, alleviate anxiety, and enhance mood, thereby promoting the overall mental well-being of city residents.
It’s also just as beneficial for the tree it- self as it is for the surrounding cityscape. “Having a solid understanding of proper pruning cuts, knowing what time of year to do that, understanding the species, what it can handle when it comes to pruning,” Scarborough explained.
The key is to balance ecological bene- fits with practical urban needs.
Scarborough says that one of the most pressing negatives of going non-native is some species’ tenden- cies to be severely aggressive, taking over the space. “I had a professor years ago that said non-native means invasive,” he ex- plained. “It’s a good warning of why you should stick to native species.” Non-native tree species may also end up doing more harm than good to local ecosystems. “It could have a detrimental effect on local wildlife or just no effect, whereas a native species might have a positive effect on local wildlife,” Scarborough said. “So, I always think native species is the route to go first.” There are exceptions to the rule, though. For example, non-native tree species may be necessary in highly altered ur- ban environments where conditions do not favor native species.
Ensuring Strong Roots for Urban Trees
Urban environments pose several chal- lenges that can impede tree growth and survival. Each issue requires spe- cific strategies to ensure that urban trees can thrive. One of the most common obstacles faced in urban tree planting is limited planting space due to infrastructure, heat stress, pollution damage, and soil compaction. Of course, the usual plant health care practices — such as spacing, staking, mulching, pest management, and more — are crucial to ensuring a successful urban landscape.
“Those all need to be taken into account.”
THE BOTTOM LINE Urban tree planting is a complex, yet rewarding endeavor that significantly contributes to the environmental, economic, and social fabric of cities. The strategic incorporation of trees into urban planning not only en- hances the beauty and functionality of city landscapes, but also fosters a resilient urban ecosystem for future generations. By choosing appropriate tree species and adhering to tree care industry standards and best practices, we can overcome the inherent challenges of urban environments.
Just as crucial, if not more, is pruning.
Pruning is necessary to remove un- healthy branches, promote a tree’s structure and aesthetics, and prevent conflicts with urban infrastructure.
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With their robust design, it is no surprise that bucket trucks are often used for heavy-duty jobs.
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Reaching New Heights A Guide to Aerial Lifts for Arboricultural Operations By TJ Yurko, ISA CA®, TRAQ, CLHT
Ever since their introduction to fruit orchards in the 1940s, aerial lis have revolutionized modern arboriculture and the way tree care opera- tions are performed today. Aerial lis empower arborists to perform tree work in challenging situations, particularly where other methods fall short. There are a variety of aerial lis available, each suited to different tasks and circumstances. Un- derstanding what they are used for and what they are capable of is essential for optimizing safe and efficient tree care. BUCKET TRUCKS Bucket trucks are commercial vehicles mounted with an extendable hydraulic arm (boom) with a bucket on the end to li workers, tools, and equip- ment up to 60 feet or more. These machines are craed from durable steel and can be installed with stabilizers or outriggers to provide balance and stability. With their robust design, it is no surprise that bucket trucks are oen used for heavy-duty jobs. “In arboriculture, the most common li is proba- bly the bucket truck,” Matt Messina, dealer and training manager with CTE North America said.
“They’re traditionally very easy to use, repair- able, robust, and built to last.” According to Zak Hilliard, tree care market man- ager with Altec, another major advantage of bucket trucks is their mobility. Because the li is a part of the truck, crews can drive the equip- ment right onto the site, cutting down on time spent on set-up and breakdown. As versatile as bucket trucks are, though, their size can be cumbersome. “They’re not small or nimble,” Messina acknowl- edged. “You couldn’t bring them into a backyard or limited access area without removing a fence or disrupting the environment.” BOOM LIFTS Boom lis are heavy machines featuring an articulating or telescoping boom that extends both vertically and horizontally. They can reach tremendous heights of 185 feet, with the platform accommodating up to 500 – 1,000 pounds. Because of its design, boom lis are the go-to option for large, complex tree maintenance tasks, such as tree pruning in dense canopies, dead- wood removal, or cabling and bracing.
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“Spider lis benefit from narrow dimen- sions and a compact footprint,” Wiss- muller continued. “They’re extremely versatile, easy to operate, and capable of impressive reach; this makes them ideal for a variety of tree care projects.” Despite their utility, spider lis have some limitations. Spider lis have a lower platform capacity compared to other mobile elevated work platforms (MEWPs), and like traditional boom lis, lack road-readiness. “A spider li is not fully mobile on its own,” Hilliard noted. “It can’t traverse highways and needs a support vehicle to tow it between job sites.” That means more time spent during set-up and break-down between jobs. RIGHT LIFT, RIGHT FIT Versatility or specialty, compactness or road-readiness? With advantages and drawbacks to each type of MEWP, it can be difficult to determine which one is the best fit for your operations. The good news is that there really is no wrong answer, but there are quite a few considerations to have in mind. “Everybody’s situation is different. There isn’t really a one-size-fits-all answer,” Wissmuller explained.
More than just an issue of space, determining the best aerial lift for a project also depends on the structure of the canopy and necessary permits.
Even with such impressive features, boom lis have a few disadvantages. As large machines, they exhibit similar challenges to bucket trucks, being diffi- cult to set up and maneuver in confined areas or sloped terrain. Traditional boom lis also present logistical challenges. “Being ANSI Class 3B devices, boom lis can’t go on the road,” Messina cau- tioned. “They are harder to transport because of their weight and require a Class A Commercial Driver’s License.” SPIDER LIFTS Spider lis are compact, lightweight devices with jointed stabilizers and extendable tracks. They provide excel- lent stability and weight displacement on uneven terrain. Of the three types of lis, spider lis are the easiest to maneuver and the best choice for tight spaces. “Spider li tracks have comparatively low PSI, so the ground pressure they exert is minimal,” Christian Wiss- muller, communications specialist
with All Access Equipment explained, “which means if you’re working in a landscaped area or backyard, you are less likely to damage the ground, patio, or flagstones.” Though small in stature, spider lis can be mighty, capable of reaching heights over 75 feet. Their compact design also allows them to access areas other aerial devices cannot.
Of the three types of lifts, spider lifts are the easiest to maneuver and the best choice for tight spaces.
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For Hilliard, the most important factors are the height of the jobs, cost, purpose, use, and readiness of the equipment, along with any required training or certifications. According to Wes Snapp, executive director of client services at Tracked Li s , arborists need to look closely at the design before choosing a li. “When considering an aerial li, [tree care workers] need to make certain they are selecting one that was truly designed and purposely built with the arborist in mind – not a li with an aermarket package advertised for arborists.” Ultimately, arborists can narrow down their prospects by con- sidering the following: Height and Reach Capability Different tree care tasks require differ- ent working specifications depending on the height, width, and structure of the tree canopy. For example, removing tall trees may necessitate a li with a working height of 60 feet or more, while pruning lower branches may only require a li with a working height of 30 feet or less. Similarly, accessing a wide or dense canopy might require an articulated boom with extra dexterity, whereas a narrow or open canopy could warrant a li with less reach. Platform Capacity The platform capacity of an aerial li must be able to safely accommodate a crew’s size and weight plus any tools needed for the job, such as chainsaws, rope, and safety gear. Ensure the plat- form’s capacity meets or exceeds these parameters by checking the owner’s manual or working load decal. Stability and Maneuverability Stability features like stabilizers and outriggers are essential for safe aerial li operations, especially on uneven terrain where the li is more liable to tip over. A li’s size and maneuverabil-
A lift’s size and maneuverability are crucial, especially in areas with obstacles or dense tree cover.
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FOR YOUR SAFETY Regardless of which aerial li is used on the job, it is imperative to follow safety standards for MEWPs to ensure aerial li operations are conducted safely, as per American National Standards In- stitute (ANSI) and Occupational Safe- ty and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. ANSI Z133 ANSI Z133 is a safety standard focus- ing on tree care operations. Section 5 and Section 5.2 cover various aspects of aerial li operation such as pre- and post-trip inspection, equipment specifi- cations, hazard recognition, safe work practices, and emergency procedures. ANSI A92.2 & A92.5 Part of the ANSI A92 series , ANSI A92.2: Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices and ANSI A92.5: Boom-Supported Ele- vating Work Platforms are standards for design, inspection, maintenance, operation, and training requisites for specific MEWPs . Ensure your equipment is up-to-date with the newest standards, like ANSI A92.22 and A92.24, to meet current safety and operational requirements. TRAINING AND CERTIFICATES For many professionals, aerial lis are intuitive and easy to work with. Howev- er, no one should use them without the proper certificates and training. “I would compare this to a driver’s license,” Messina explained. “Anybody can teach themselves how to drive a car. But not having a license is a prob- lem when you’re involved in an acci- dent or get pulled over by the police.” Without the necessary certificates, a tree care worker simply cannot operate an aerial li. “If an OSHA inspector shows up and you or one of your crew members fails
Uneven or rough terrain necessitates a lift with tracks, stabilizers, or outriggers to maintain balance.
ity are also crucial, especially in areas with obstacles or dense tree cover.
Budget and Cost Analysis Carefully evaluating the total cost of ownership versus renting is crucial. Considering operational expenses in relation to capital and assets also plays a pivotal role in making cost-effective decisions. For instance, purchasing a new li can offer advanced features, enhanced durability, and reduced long-term maintenance costs, but requires a high- er capital investment. Conversely, opting to rent a li may save money upfront, but might lead to higher borrowing and transportation expenditures over time. According to Wissmuller, you can’t go wrong with the try-before-buy method before making such a big purchase. “It’s the same as test-driving a car. You want to know precisely what it is you want and be really confident in your purchase,” he stated. “This is a large, relatively expensive piece of equipment. Know what capital you have to work with and other con- siderations before pulling the trigger on a big-ticket item.”
Terrain Uneven or rough terrain necessitates a li with tracks, stabilizers, or outriggers to maintain balance. Even if a li has these features, though, your crew will still need to set up the equipment properly. “Each individual outrigger footpad has to be level,” Messina noted. So ground is also not ideal for any ae- rial li operations, as the machine can get stuck, sink, or tip over. “Don’t take the machine anywhere without walking your route first,” Messina continued. “If the ground is so, it shouldn’t have an aerial li on it at all.” That said, just because a li does not work for the site one day does not mean you should change equipment just yet. “Even if a li is the correct one for the job, it may not be the correct day to work because the ground is not ready,” he concluded.
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Selecting the right aerial lift for the right job today and every day ensures optimal safety and performance for current and future generations of tree care workers.
to provide proof of [obligatory training] while in an aerial li, that’s going to result in a fine and possibly jail time,” Wissmuller warned. ANSI Z133-2017 Section 5.2.33 states, “Only operators who have received in- struction and training regarding the inspection, application, responsibilities, and operation shall operate a boom- supported elevating work platform.” And accidents are not the only risk op- erators run without the proper training. “Some people believe that ANSI stan- dards are voluntary,” Messina said. “But when there is an accident, OSHA will find out whether the company in-
volved is ANSI compliant. If they are not, OSHA will levy fines. So, these standards really aren’t voluntary.” Since June 1, 2020, OSHA declared cer- tification as a mandatory requirement for aerial li operations. “Aerial li [certificates ensure] that op- erators have the knowledge and skills needed to use the equipment safely,” Wissmuller explained, “which reduces the risk of accidents that could result in personal injury and damage to prop- erty, terrain, or the machine itself.” THE SKY IS THE LIMIT For decades, aerial lis have transformed
the arboriculture industry by providing creative solutions for tree care operations. Arborists can choose the right li and significantly enhance their scope of work by understanding the different types, specifications, requirements, and work- ing conditions of MEWPs. Additionally, selecting the right aerial li for the right job today and everyday ensures optimal safety and performance for current and future generations of tree care workers. “The profile of an arborist is ever- changing,” Hilliard said. As aerial devices become more techno- logically advanced, it is up to the tree care teams to keep up with industry developments and safety standards to continue growing with the industry and protecting the workers that encompass it. ABOUT THE AUTHOR TJ Yurko is an ISA Certified Arborist, TRAQ Arborist, and Certified Landscape Horticulturist Technician at his company, Tree J Consulting, where he advises cli- ents on urban forestry and arboriculture best management practices and strate- gies for tree care operations.
Safety Features
Modern aerial lifts have safety features to protect operators and crew members from accidents, injuries, and fatalities. There are three key safety features to look for in an aerial lift: • Emergency lowering systems are designed to safely lower the platform in case of an emer- gency, power failure, or other malfunction using manual descent controls and backup power sources. • Fall-protection anchors allow workers to secure themselves to the lift with an approved fall-protection system to prevent slips and falls from the platform. • Safety interlocks prevent operation of the lift in unsafe conditions, such as an unstable platform, outrigger non-deployment, and improper attachment of fall-protection systems.
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When someone touches poison ivy, the urushiol oil is absorbed through the skin within half an hour.
Navigating Toxic Plants Essential Safety Tips for Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac By Ariel Slick
Encountering toxic plants such as poison ivy, oak, or sumac may be inevitable in the tree care industry, but suffering from them is not. With pre- ventative measures, knowledge and education, and prioritizing safety, workers can protect themselves from these itchy pests. Exposure to toxic plants can lead to an itchy rash, blisters, and swelling, but it can also be more serious. Other severe symptoms that require immediate medical attention are difficulty breathing, a rash around the mouth, eyes, or genitals, swelling on the face, a rash on more than 25% of the body, or fever. According to the American Skin Association, approximately 10-15% of the population is highly allergic. “While prevalence may seem minor, it can easily become serious enough to warrant medical atten- tion, which is why poison ivy and poison oak should be some of the first plants a tree worker learns to identify,” said Blake Watkins, ISA Board Certified Master Arborist (BCMA), Registered Consulting Arborist (RCA), and operations partner at Monster Tree Service , said.
Common poisonous plants in the tree care industry are poison oak , ivy, and sumac, but stinging nettles, giant hogweed , and wild parsnip also pose threats. Some trees, like hawthorn, Black locust, and some varieties of honey locust have long thorns that can easily pierce the skin. Although the trees themselves are not poisonous, the thorns of Black Locust and Hawthorn are host to a number of different bacteria that can cause se- rious allergic reactions if the skin is punctured. “Your safety and your crew’s safety are always num- ber one,” Ben McCallister, urban forestry specialist at Purdue University, said. McCallister reports an encounter one of his workers had when a small sliver of thorn was accidentally le beneath the skin when he was pricked by a Black Locust thorn. “He almost had to amputate the finger,” McCallister said. “He had to take two or three months off work.” UNDERSTANDING THE RISKS Poison oak, ivy, and sumac all produce the oil,
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Pacific poison-oak
Pison-sumac
Black locust
Despite the speed of absorption, the rash itself is typically more delayed. If someone has never been in contact with poison ivy, then the rash will ap- pear in two to three weeks. However, if they have had a previous rash, the onset is much quicker, within just four to 48 hours. HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS FOR TREE CARE WORKERS There are seasonal variations and en- vironmental conditions that increase exposure risk of poisonous plants for tree care workers. “Contact from the leaves can be worse in spring and summer,” Watkins re- ported. Poison ivy’s dormant season is in late fall to early winter when the leaves have fallen off the vine. “However, the risk of overlooking the plants is greater in the fall and winter when the stems are more likely to be inadvertently cut,” he added. Some maintenance tasks heighten the risk, such as cutting, pruning, and clearing. There are even a few typical tree removal techniques that should never be employed with poison ivy, oak, or sumac.
urushiol (yur-oo-shee-aal). Once the oil touches clothing, skin, shoes, or equip- ment, it can spread through touch. For example, if a pet runs through a patch, then climbs into the car, it can transfer the oil from its fur to the car. Likewise, if tools touch the plant, then the oil can transfer from the tools to the car interior, which can also get on clothes, which can transfer to the skin. Furthermore, the risk of getting a rash does not diminish even when the plant is dead. Nearly everyone is allergic to this oil, and the leaves, stems, and roots all carry it. “The vines actually hold more oil than the leaves,” McCallister added. Everyone that is reactive to the plant experiences the same mechanism that causes the allergic reaction . When someone touches the plant, the uru- shiol oil is absorbed through the skin within half an hour. Specialized skin cells (Langerhans) send a signal to the body’s immune system which will then produce a protein that causes inflammation and itchiness (the same protein responsi- ble for psoriasis).
For example, if your team identifies the presence of poisonous plants at a worksite, it is best to avoid chipping or using a chainsaw on the plant. These activities release dust into the air, which, when breathed in, can cause a severe — and dangerous — reaction in the lungs. “The dust of poison ivy is also very toxic. During the summer, when dust carries, we’ll wear medical masks, to cover our mouths,” Chris Kemp, man- ager of the tree and plant divisions of Piscataqua Landscaping, said. “Don’t burn it either because the smoke can carry particles, too.” Kemp uses a combination of cutting the plant at the base, then administers Roundup on the plant wound. “But it’s a persistent pest, so multiple applications are required,” he cau- tioned. PREVENTION STRATEGIES According to McCallister, identification is key to preventing a negative encoun- ter with hazardous plants. “Learn how to identify it. It’s [about] having a really good training setup... and making sure everyone can identify it,” McCallister said.
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need to note all possible environmen- tal hazards then make a plan for the field team to avoid them. There are also a few digital tools that can help identify these leafy hazards. Apps like Seek use databases to iden- tify plants in real time, even without an internet connection. That said, mis- takes can happen, especially during dormant months. Ultimately, if an arborist is unsure about a plant species, they should get a second opinion. “If you can’t ID these plants, I would recommend taking a photo and texting it to someone who can,” Watkins said. Recommended attire for working with poisonous plants is similar to standard safety-wear: long sleeves, long pants that cover the ankle, eye and ear pro- tection, and sturdy boots.
Giant hogweed is a large invasive species with sap that can cause severe burns and scarring.
The saying goes “leaves of three, leave them be,” but this hardly covers the nu- ances of all the hazardous plants tree care workers may encounter. Poison sumac has seven to 13 leaflets and grows as a tree. Eastern poison ivy
is usually a hairy vine with three shiny green leaves (red in the fall), where- as Western poison ivy still consists of three leaves as a shrub, not a vine. Watkins advised that when evaluating a site, the sales arborists or team leads
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smaller droplets, which can still spread over the skin. Do not scrub too hard or else the top layer of skin may be exposed, stripping the layers the oil needs to penetrate. At this point, it is important to not return to an area with poison ivy because the skin’s natural protective oils have been washed away. TREATING THE RASH If there has been an exposure and a rash develops, then they will general- ly go away within two weeks. In the meantime, treatment includes over- the-counter medications. Products that dry out the skin, such as Burow’s solution, calamine and witch hazel can help reduce itchiness. They can be applied 2-4 times per day for a maximum of 7 days. Oatmeal baths can also help. Blisters may form and even break open, but the liquid that oozes is, contrary to popular belief, not more urushiol oil. As painful as the blisters may be, they should not be popped, as exposure to air means they may become infected.
Blisters may form and even break open after contact with urushiol oil. If they appear, they should be left alone as popping them may lead to infection.
“The key is coverage. Remember that once you touch a toxic plant that has oils, it will stay there,” Chris Kemp said. McCallister reports that it is vital when working at a tree site to know the spe- cies and to have the correct protective equipment. “Leather gloves work with barbary but they aren’t good for poison ivy,” McCal- lister said. “The leather will keep the oil on them aer.” FIRST AID If you happen to come in contact with a hazardous plant, clean, disinfect, and treat any exposed skin so that the oil does not continue to spread and cause further symptoms. Just as important is properly cleaning your gear as well. For tips on how to care for your exposed gear, turn to our article on personal pro- tective equipment (PPE) on page 32. REMOVING THE IRRITANT There are a few techniques to remove the urushiol oil from one’s skin.
The first is to pour rubbing alcohol on the infected area. Oil will dis- solve in alcohol, and the alcohol will draw the oil out of the skin. As the alcohol is drained away, so will the urushiol oil. The second step is to wash the area with soap and lukewarm water. Avoid using soap as the first step because soap is simply an emulsifier, which means it will break down the oil into
The same goes for scratching — as hard
After pouring rubbing alcohol on the infected area to dissolve the urushiol oil, be sure to wash the area with soap and lukewarm water.
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as it may be, resist the temptation! Scratching may tear the skin and lead to a more serious infection. Instead, try cool compresses and medicated soaks like Domeboro . Other OTC medications include any astringents containing aluminum ace- tate. Antihistamines, such as Benadryl, do not work with poison ivy. AVOIDANCE IS THE BEST REMEDY Ultimately, ongoing education and communication within the team of tree specialists is critical for avoiding an incident with any toxic plant. “Share stories of encounters and close calls so everyone can learn from each other’s experiences,” Watkins said. Kemp underscores the importance of daily or weekly safety reminders. “Repetition is key,” said Chris Kemp. “It’s just common sense.”
Scratching may tear the skin and lead to a more serious infection. Instead, try medicated soaks and creams like Domeboro and Zanfel.
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Poison ivy exposure may seem like just a nuisance but if left untreated can result in some gnarly side effects.
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PPE Series
Guarding Against the Green PPE Tips for Poison Ivy Safety By Jason Collins
The U.S. is home to a variety of poi- sonous plants, with poison ivy (Tox- icodendron diversilobum) being one of the most common threats in North America. For tree care workers, recognizing poison ivy and using proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is key to reducing exposure and maintaining safety on the job. According to the CDC, around 85% of the population is susceptible to poi- son ivy and poison sumac allergies, with 10–50 million Americans affect- ed annually. Contact with urushiol, the toxic oil found on poison ivy leaves, can lead to reactions ranging from mild skin rashes to severe symptoms requiring emergency care. Mild reactions include small rashes and itching, while more severe cases
involve breathing difficulties and rashes around sensitive areas like the eyes, mouth, and genitals. Preventing exposure requires two critical steps: identifying poison ivy and wearing appropriate PPE. While avoidance is the best strategy, it is not always feasible in dense or overgrown areas, making PPE essential. LONG SLEEVES When selecting long sleeves for tree care, it is important to choose flexible, ventilated fabrics, especially when working in warm weather. Coveralls provide the most reliable protection but can be too bulky in hotter months when poison ivy is prevalent. In spring and summer, mois- ture-wicking long-sleeve shirts and pants are a better option — just be
sure to tuck your shirt into your pants to ensure full coverage. Here are a few lightweight, protective clothing options: Solidur Coolmax Long-Sleeve Shirt : Offers UV-resistant, moisture-wicking fabric and breathable mesh panels to protect against poison ivy while keeping arborists cool.
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Clogger Spider Pants : Feature light- weight fabric with 360-degree stretch and mesh ventilation, offering protec- tion against poison ivy and flexibility for climbing.
MECHANIX WEAR Heat-Resistant Sleeves : Made from Kevlar, these sleeves protect against both heat and poisonous plants, making them a ver- satile PPE option.
GLOVES Gloves are essential when dealing with poison ivy, but basic latex gloves will not provide sufficient coverage. For complete protection, choose gloves that extend to the elbow or upper arm to prevent skin exposure through gaps. Be mindful when removing gloves to avoid transferring urushiol to your skin, and have a second pair of gloves handy for when you need a break from layering. Here are some recommended gloves and sleeves for maximum protection: Showa ® Atlas ® 772 Chemical Resis- tant Nitrile Gloves : Provide full arm coverage with extended resistance to chemicals and toxic plants, featuring a textured grip for better handling.
RESPIRATORS In some cases, poison ivy can pose a threat even when not touched directly, such as when its toxins become air- borne during burning. Inhaling smoke from burning poison ivy can lead to serious allergic reactions, including difficulty breathing and fevers. When working near recently burned areas, a respirator is crucial. Consider these respirators for protec- tion against airborne urushiol: 3M 6000 Series Full Facepiece Respi- rator : Equipped with a Cool Flow ™ Exha- lation Valve and odor-removing filters, this respirator ensures easier breathing and comfort in oil- and non-oil-containing environments. It is also available in a half facepiece version. Note that a medical evaluation is re- quired before using a respirator in a workplace, and is also required for voluntary use, as respirators can put extra stress on the body.
AT4060(US) Breatheflex Chainsaw Pants UL Rated : Designed for chainsaw work, these pants feature abrasion- resistant panels and offer both protection from poison ivy and impact resistance.
Farmer’s Defense High Visibility Sleeves : Offer lightweight, water-resis- tant protection against poison ivy with full arm coverage and a thumbhole de- sign to prevent gaps.
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