2B) Broca’s Speech Area: Located in the frontal lobe, this area is involved with articulation of vocalization. It controls muscles of the throat and mouth and helps regulate coordination between vocalization and breathing.
3. Association Areas: Association areas are connected with one another by association tracts and include the following areas: 3A) Somatosensory Association Area: Receives input from the primary somatosensory area, as well as from the thalamus and other parts of the brain. This area permits you to determine the exact shape and texture of an object by feeling it, to determine the orientation of one object with respect to another as they are felt, and to sense the relationship of one body part to another. Another function is the storage of memories of past somatic sensory experiences, enabling you to compare current sensations with previous experiences (you recognize a pencil or paperclip simply by touching it). 3B) Visual Association Area: Receives sensory impulses from the primary visual area and the thalamus. It relates present and past visual experiences and is essential for recognizing and evaluating what is seen (you recognize an object just be looking at it). 3C) Facial Recognition Area: Receives nerve impulses from visual association area. This area stores information about faces and allows us to recognize people by face. This area is located in both the right and left hemispheres, but the right is usually more dominant. 3D) Auditory Association Area: Allows us to recognize a particular sound as speech, music, or noise. 3E) Orbitofrontal Cortex: Receives sensory impulses from the primary olfactory area. This allows us to identify odors and to discriminate among different odors. The right hemisphere is primarily more dominate. 3G) Common Integrative Area: This area receives impulses from somatosensory, visual, and auditory association areas as well as the primary gustatory area, primary olfactory area, the thalamus, and parts of the brain stem. This area integrates sensory interpretations from association areas and impulses from other areas, allowing the formation of thoughts based on a variety of sensory inputs. It then transmits signals to other parts of the brain for appropriate responses. 3H) Prefrontal Cortex (Frontal Association Area): This area is concerned with personality, intellect, complex learning abilities, recall of information, initiative, judgement, foresight, reasoning, conscience, intuition, mood, future planning, development of abstract ideas. Bilateral damage to this area makes a person rude, inconsiderate, incapable of accepting advice, moody, inattentive, less creative, unable to plan for the future, etc.
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