CHAPTER 10: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Functions of the Respiratory Tract
The main functions of the respiratory system is to; 1. Bring oxygen into the lungs and transfer it to the blood 2. Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide 3. Regulate breathing & hydration
4. Assist thermoregulation 5. Facilitate sense of smell 6. Allow communication
The respiratory system consists of:
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli plus associated structures.
Classification is either by structure or function:
Structure :
Upper Respiratory System : consists of nostrils, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, guttural pouches, trachea and associated structures (vessels/nerves).
Lower Respiratory System : consists of bronchi, lungs and alveoli.
Function :
Conducting Zone : consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside and inside the lungs. These include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. The function of this zone is to filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it to the lungs. Respiratory Zone : consists of tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. These include the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli. The function of this zone is gas exchange between air and blood.
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