B) Chemoreceptor Regulation of Respiration .
Chemical stimulation can modify how quickly and how deeply we breathe .
1) Central Chemoreceptors : located near the medulla oblongata in the CNS and respond to changes in acidity (H+) or P CO2 , or both in the CSF. 2) Peripheral Chemoreceptors : located in the aortic bodies (clusters in the walls of the arch of the aorta). Located in the PNS, they are sensitive to changes in P O2 , acidity (H+), and P CO2 in the blood.
C) Proprioceptor Stimulation of Respiration
Starting to exercise causes the rate and depth of breathing to increase. This is the result of input from proprioceptors in the joints and muscles.
D) The Inflation Reflex
Baroreceptors or stretch receptors are located in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles. Receptors are stretched during over inflation of the lungs causing nerve impulses to be sent along the Vagus Nerve (CNX) to the inspiratory and apneustic area where the inspiratory area is inhibited. As a result, exhalation begins. As long as the stretch receptors are stretched, the inspiratory area remains inhibited.
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