Equine Physiology Workbook

Thymus

 Bilobed organ located in the mediastinum b/t the sternum and the aorta  Immature T cells migrate from the red bone marrow to mature.  Mature T cells leave the thymus, enter the blood stream and migrate to lymph nodes, the spleen, and other lymphatic tissue.  foals: thymus is large  Maturity: thymus atrophies and the secondary lymphatic organs are populated with mature T cells.  Some T cells continue to mature in the thymus throughout a lifetime.

Lymph Nodes

 Lymph nodes are firm, smooth surfaced, oval or bean shaped structures  Some are superficial in location and can be identified through palpation.  Each node is bound by a capsule  Located along lymphatic vessels  ~ 8000 bean-shaped lymph nodes  Usually occur in groups  lymphocentres  Lymph nodes function as a type of filter  Lymph flows through a node in one direction only

 Lymph enters through afferent lymphatic vessels which penetrate the node at several locations. The afferent vessels contain one-way valves opening toward the center of the node.  foreign substances are trapped by reticular fibres within the sinuses of the node. Macrophages then destroy some foreign substances by phagocytosis while lymphocytes destroy others by immune responses.  Filtered lymph then leaves through one or two efferent lymphatic vessels containing valves opening away from the node.

296

Made with FlippingBook Publishing Software