9. Proteasomes
Have enzymes that break down proteins. Proteasomes are responsible for the destruction of proteins in the cytosol that are damaged or no longer required. The amino acids that result from protein breakdown are recycled by the cell. Some diseases are theorized to result from faulty Proteasomes such as Parkinson Disease and Alzheimer’s. Clumps of unfolded, denatured proteins have been found in these patients. This is on-going research.
10. Mitochondria
A mitochondrion is called the “powerhouse” of the cell, as it is responsible for the production of energy in the form of ATP. It is the site of aerobic cellular respiration. A cell may have a few to 1000’s. The higher the need for energy consumption, the higher the amount (#) of Mitochondria. Mitochondria is self replicating meaning it has its own mitochondrial DNA (Circular).
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