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hip, resulting in a truncated or “clipped” appearance; sometimes called clipped gable. Joist – One of a series of parallel timbers or beams, usually set on edge, that span a room from wall to wall to support a floor or ceiling; a beam to which floorboards, ceiling boards, or plaster laths are nailed. Keystone – The central wedge-shaped stone at the crown of an arch or in the center of a lintel. Landmarks Register – A listing of buildings, districts, and objects designated for historical, architec- tural, or other special significance that may carry protection for listed properties. Landscape – The totality of the built or human-influenced habitat experienced at any one place. Dominant features are topography, plant cover, buildings, or other structures, and their patterns. Latex Paint – A paint having a latex binder (an emulsion of finely dispersed particles of natural or synthetic rubber or plastic materials in water). Lattice – A network, often diagonal, of interlocking lath or other thin strips used as screening, especially in the base of a porch. Light – A pane of glass. Lintel – A beam of wood or stone that spans an opening; in masonry construction it frequently supports the masonry above the opening. Ludowici Tile – Clay tile manufactured by the Ludowici Company founded in the United States in 1888 and based in Ohio. Lunette – A semicircular opening. Major Works – Substantial alterations to a building or site that have the potential to damage or alter the historic character and integrity of that building, adjacent buildings and sites, and the associated historic district (s). Major works are always reviewed by the commission. Massing – The sense of bulk, density, and weight of architectural forms. Mildew – A fungus that grows and feeds on paint, cotton and linen fabrics, etc., that are exposed to moisture; causes discoloration and decomposition of the surface. Mixed Use – a variety of authorized activities in an area or a building as distinguished from the isolated uses and planned separatism prescribed by many zoning ordinances. Minor Works – Relatively minor alterations to a building or site that will likely not alter the historic character and integrity of that building, adjacent buildings and sites and the associated historic dis- trict (s). As most minor works are deemed to be consistent with the Wake Forest Historic Preservation Commission’s established architectural standards, in most instances minor works are reviewed and approved at the planning staff level. Modillion [mō-'dil-yən] – A horizontal bracket, often in the form of a plain block, ornamenting, or some- times supporting, the underside of the cornice. Molding – A decorative band having a constant profile or having a pattern in low relief, generally used in cornices or as trim around openings. Mortar – A mixture of Portland cement, lime, putty, and sand in various proportions, used for laying bricks or stones. Until the use of hard Portland cement became common the softer lime-clay or lime- sand mortars and masonry cement were common. Mortise and Tenon – A joint made by one member having its end cut as a projecting tongue (tenon) that fits exactly into a groove or hole (mortise) in the other member. Once joined in this fashion, the two pieces are often secured by a peg. Mullion [mul'yȯn] – A vertical member dividing a window area and forming part of the window frame. Muntin ['mən-t(ə)n] – A molding forming part of the frame of a window sash and holding one side of a pane. Newel Post – The principal post used to terminate the railing or balustrade of a flight of stairs.
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