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water. Older-type stucco may be mixed from softer masonry cement rather than Portland cement. Style – A type of architecture distinguished by special characteristics of structure and ornament and often related in time, also, a general quality of distinctive character. Surround – The border or casing of a window or door opening, sometimes molded. Symmetry – The state in which one part exactly corresponds to another in size and shape and achieving balance and proportion. Tax Incentive – A tax reduction designed to encourage private investment in historic preservation and rehabilitation projects. Tern plate – Sheet metal coated with terne metal, which is an alloy of lead containing up to 20 percent tin. Terra Cotta – A ceramic material, molded decoratively and often glazed, used for facings for buildings or as inset ornament. Textured Siding – Wood cut in various flat patterns, such as half rounds or scallops, and applied to portions of facades to create a picturesque or romantic look. This treatment was generally used in Queen Anne-style buildings. Surface textures are often found in diamond, scallop, staggered butt, or composite patterns. Tongue and Groove – A joinery system in which boards are milled with a tongue on one side and a groove on the other so that they can be tightly joined with a flush surface alignment. Townscape – The relationship of buildings, shapes, spaces, and textures that give a town or area its distinctive visual character or image. Trabeated [trā-bē-ā-təd] – A method of construction employing posts and lintels; hence, a term used to describe a standard Greek Revival entrance door having a transom and sidelights. Tracery – An ornamental division of an opening, especially a large window, usually made with wood. Tracery is found in buildings of Gothic influence. Transom (Over-Door Light) – A narrow horizontal window unit above a door. Turned – Fashioned on a lathe, as in a baluster, newel, or porch post. Turret – A small tower, usually corbelled from a corner. Vernacular – In architecture, as in language, the nonacademic local expressions of a particular region. For example, a vernacular Greek Revival structure may exhibit forms and details that are derived from the principles of formal Classical architecture but are executed by local builders in an indi- vidual way that reflects both local or regional needs, tastes, climatic conditions, technology, and craftsmanship. Victorian – The general term used to describe the wide variety of eclectic revival styles that were intro- duced in British and American architecture during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). Vinyl Siding – Sheets of thermal plastic compound made from chloride or vinyl acetates, as well as some plastics made from styrene and other chemicals, usually fabricated to resemble clapboard. Visual Pollution – Anything that, because of its placement or intrinsic nature, is offensive to the sense of sight, e.g. garbage dumps. Vitrolite ['vi-trə līt] – Pigmented structural glass developed and popularized in the early 20th century for facing Art Deco and Art Modern-style commercial buildings. Water Blasting – A cleaning method similar to sandblasting except that water is used as the abrasive. As in sandblasting, high-pressure water jets can damage wood and masonry surfaces. Water Table – A belt course differentiating the foundation of a masonry building from its exterior walls. Weatherboard – Wood siding consisting of overlapping horizontal boards usually thicker at one edge than the other. Wrought Iron – Iron that is rolled or hammered into shape, never melted.
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