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Appendix 2 Architectural Terms & Glossary
Adaptive Reuse – The process of converting a building to a use other than that for which it was de- signed. e.g. changing a house into an office. Alkyd Resin Paint – A common modern paint using alkyd (one group of thermoplastic synthetic resins) as a vehicle for the pigment; often confused with oil paint. Aluminum Siding – Sheets of exterior architectural covering, usually with a colored finish, fabricated of aluminum to approximate the appearance of wooden siding. Aluminum siding was developed in the early 1940s and became increasingly common in the 1950s and the 1960s. Amenity – A building, object, area, or landscape feature that makes an aesthetic contribution to envi- ronment rather than one that is purely utilitarian. Arcade – A series of arches supported on piers or columns attached to or detached from a wall. Arch – A structure formed of wedge-shaped stones, bricks, or other objects laid so as to maintain one another firmly in position. A rounded arch generally represents classical or Romanesque influence whereas a pointed arch denotes Gothic influences. Architrave – The lowest part of an entablature, sometimes used by itself as a casing for a window or door. Art Deco – A style of decorative arts and architecture popular in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by its use of geometric, angular forms; also referred to as Moderne or Art Moderne. Asbestos Siding – Dense, rigid board containing a high proportion of asbestos fibers bonded with portland cement; resistant to fire, flame, or weathering and having a low resistance to heat flow. It is usually applied as large overlapping shingles. Asbestos siding was applied to many buildings in the 1950s. Ashlar – A style of stonework consisting of individual stones that are shaped and tooled to have even faces and square edges. Asphalt Shingle – A shingle manufactured from saturated construction felts (rag, asbestos, or fiber- glass) coated with asphalt and finished with mineral granules on the side exposed to the weather. Asphalt Siding – Siding manufactured from saturated construction felts (rag, asbestos, or fiberglass) coated with asphalt and finished with mineral granules on the side exposed to the weather. It some- times displays designs seeking to imitate brick or stone. Asphalt siding was applied to many build- ings in the 1950s. Attic Ventilator – In houses, a screened or louvered opening, sometimes in decorative shapes, located on gables or soffits. Victorian styles sometimes feature metal ventilators mounted on the roof ridge above the attic. Awning – A rooflike covering of canvas, often adjustable, over a window, a door, etc., to provide protec- tion against the sun, rain, and wind. Aluminum awnings were developed in the 1950s. Balcony – A projecting platform on a building, sometimes supported from below and sometimes can- tilevered, and enclosed with a railing or balustrade. Balustrade – A low barrier formed of balusters, or uprights, supporting a railing. Band (Band Course, Bandmold, Belt) – Flat trim running horizontally in a wall to denote a division in the wall plane or a change in level. Bargeboard (also Vergeboard) – A wooden member, usually decorative, suspended from and following the slope of a gable roof. Bargeboards are used on buildings inspired by Gothic forms.
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