Mechanochemistry: Fundamentals, applications and future

Solvent-free, lipase-catalyzed lactam synthesis Cameron Lennox 1 , Karthik Nagapudi 2 , Stefan Koenig 2 and Tomislav Friščić 1* 1 Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Canada, 2 Genentech, One DNA Way, USA Enzymes operate under relatively crowded environments with their active sites rarely in a bulk-water system, rather existing in a carefully controlled micro-environment where water molecules are not readily available. [1] Based on this observation, our team, as well as others, have recently demonstrated the ability to conduct highly-efficient mechanically-activated enzyme-catalyzed (i.e. mechano-enzymatic) reactions in a solvent- less environment. [2] This work outlines our efforts in developing solid-state routes to enzyme catalysis using commercial enzyme beads, resulting in lipase-catalysed ring-closing condensation reactions based on solvent- free mechanochemical and thermochemical approaches. [3] References

1. G. Rivas, A. P. Minton, Trends Biochem. Sci., 2016 , 41 , 970–981. 2. S. Kaabel, T. Friščić, K. Auclair, ChemBioChem, 2020 , 21 , 742-758. 3. E. Stavila and K. Loos, Tet. Lett . 2013 , 54 , 370-372.

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© The Author(s), 2022

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