Grammar Punctuation Protocol - 2023 Update (No DEI Section)

GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION

n Wallace said, “She came back from Spain with an accent.” n “She came back from Spain with an accent,” said Wallace.

n Attend the next Sizzlin’ Summer Concert July 29 at Mike Ward Community Park — Woodbridge at 5 p.m.

Contractions

Hometowns and Ages

The City of Irvine discourages the use of contractions. Contractions reflect informal speech and writing.

Mary Richards, of Buffalo, New York

n

Correct Usage

Mary Richards, 48, of Buffalo, New York

n

Are not

It is

n

n

Use younger than and older than rather than under and over when referring to ages.

Do not

1971

n

n

Incorrect Usage

Correct Usage

Aren’t

It’s

n

n

n Children 12 and younger are welcome; children older than 12 are welcome. Incorrect Usage

Don’t

’71

n

n

Dashes

n Children under 12 are welcome; children 12 and under are welcome.

Use short dashes (–) for ranges or for the meaning to , and do not include spaces before or after. Use long dashes (—) to separate information or mark a break in a sentence, and include a space before and after. Use a hyphen (-) for compound words. See Hyphenation , Page 10; Time , Page 18.

Full Dates

February 14, 1987

n

See Dates , Page 15. For more information about com- mas, see the AP Stylebook.

Correct Usages for Long Dash

Dates, Time, and Location

Abrupt Change

Place commas both before and after dates and years when a date is written in month-day-year order, or when days are involved. Unless a comma is needed for clarity, avoid using it between short, closely related clauses, such as with the location and time, or when the date is listed on its own without a day of the week or year. n Attend the next Sizzlin’ Summer Concert Saturday, July 29, at Mike Ward Community Park — Wood- bridge at 5 p.m. n Attend the next Sizzlin’ Summer Concert 5 p.m. Saturday, July 29, at Mike Ward Community Park — Woodbridge.

We will fly to Paris — if I get a raise.

n

n Smith offered a plan — it was unprecedented — to raise revenues.

Series within a Phrase When a phrase that otherwise would be set off by commas contains a series of words that must be separated by commas, use long dashes to set off the full phrase. n He listed the qualities — intelligence, humor conservatism, independence — that he likes in an executive.

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