Moura et al.
10.3389/fpubh.2025.1664322
Correction note
Publisher’s note
A correction has been made to this article. Details can be found at: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1731810.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Generative AI statement
The author(s) declare that no Gen AI was used in the creation of this manuscript. Any alternative text (alt text) provided alongside figures in this article has been generated by Frontiers with the support of artificial intelligence and reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, including review by the authors wherever possible. If you identify any issues, please contact us. References 1. Moura IB, Ewin D, Wilcox MH. From the hospital toilet to the ward: a pilot study on microbe dispersal to multiple hospital surfaces following hand drying using a jet air dryer versus paper towels. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . (2022) 43:241–4. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.43 2. Wang Y, Yang J, Qiao F, Feng B, Hu F, Xi ZA, et al. Compared hand hygiene compliance among healthcare providers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control . (2022) 50:563–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.11.030 3. Stangerup M, Hansen MB, Hansen R, Sode LP, Hesselbo B, Kostadinov K, et al. Hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a long-term follow-up study. Am J Infect Control . (2021) 49:1118–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.06.014 4. Ahmadipour M, Dehghan M, Ahmadinejad M, Jabarpour M, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Ebrahimi Rigi Z. Barriers to hand hygiene compliance in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. Front Public Health . (2022) 10:968231. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.968231 5. World Health Organization & WHO Patient Safety. A guide to the implementation of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy. Geneva: World Health Organization (2009). 6. Editorial. Patterns of respiratory infections after COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med . (2024) 12:1. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00472-1 7. Williams TC, Sinha I, Barr IG, Zambon M. Transmission of paediatric respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eurosurveillance . (2021) 26:2100186. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100186 8. Tan LJ, Ahmed S, Rothholz MC, Kassianos G, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Lessons learned from 2 years of influenza vaccinations in the UK and USA during the COVID-19 pandemic as respiratory viruses return. Hum Vaccin Immunother . (2022) 18:2125754. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2125754 9. UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA). Winter coronavirus (COVID-19) infection study: estimates of epidemiological characteristics, 21 December 2023 – updated 18 January 2024. Available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ winter-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-study-estimates-of-epidemiological- characteristics-england-and-scotland-2023-to-2024/winter-coronavirus-covid-19- infection-study-estimates-of-epidemiological-characteristics-18-january-2024, (2023). 10. Rada AG. Spain reintroduces mandatory mask wearing in health facilities as respiratory infections rise. BMJ . (2024) 384:q71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.q71 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Urgent need to increase immunization coverage for influenza, COVID-19, and RSV and use of authorized/ approved therapeutics in the setting of increased respiratory disease activity during the 2023 – 2024 winter season. Available online at: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2023/ han00503.asp?ref=upstract.com, (2023). 12. Fong MW, Leung NHL, Xiao J, Chu DKW, Cheng SMS, So HC, et al. Presence of influenza virus on touch surfaces in kindergartens and primary schools. J Infect Dis . (2020) 222:1329–33. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa114 13. Hirose R, Ikegaya H, Naito Y, Watanabe N, Yoshida T, Bandou R, et al. Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus on human skin: importance of hand hygiene in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis . (2021) 73:e4329–35. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1517 14. Redway K, Fawdar S. European tissue symposium: a comparative study of three different hand drying methods: paper towel, warm air dryer, jet air dryer. (2008)
Supplementary material
The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1664322/ full#supplementary-material
15. Hanna PJ, Richardson BJ, Marshall M. A comparison of the cleaning efficiency of three common hand drying methods. Appl Occup Environ Hyg . (2011) 11:37–43. doi: 10.1080/1047322x.1996.10389121 16. Snelling AM, Saville T, Stevens D, Beggs CB. Comparative evaluation of the hygienic efficacy of an ultra-rapid hand dryer vs conventional warm air hand dryers. J Appl Microbiol . (2011) 110:19–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04838.x 17. Pitt SJ, Crockett SL, Andreou GM. The contribution of hand drying in prevention of transmission of microorganisms: comparison of the efficacy of three hand drying methods in the removal and distribution of microorganisms. J Infect Prev . (2018) 19:310–7. doi: 10.1177/1757177418789485 18. Best E, Parnell P, Couturier J, Barbut F, Le Bozec A, Arnoldo L, et al. Environmental contamination by bacteria in hospital washrooms according to hand-drying method: a multi-Centre study. J Hosp Infect . (2018) 100:469–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.002 19. Margas E, Maguire E, Berland CR, Welander F, Holah JT. Assessment of the environmental microbiological cross contamination following hand drying with paper hand towels or an air blade dryer. J Appl Microbiol . (2013) 115:572–82. doi: 10.1111/jam.12248 20. Best EL, Parnell P, Wilcox MH. Microbiological comparison of hand-drying methods: the potential for contamination of the environment, user, and bystander. J Hosp Infect . (2014) 88:199–206. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.08.002 21. Best EL, Redway K. Comparison of different hand-drying methods: the potential for airborne microbe dispersal and contamination. J Hosp Infect . (2015) 89:215–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.11.007 22. Moura IB, Bentley K, Wilcox MH. Assessment of potential for viral contamination of user and environment via aerosols generated during hand drying: a pilot study. Front Public Health . (2022) 10:1010802. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010802 23. Murphy A, Wang Z, Sun H, Lin K. Aerosolization and dispersion of bacteria on hands by hand dryers during hand drying activities. Aerosol Sci Technol . (2025) 59:904–14. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2025.2472940 24. Ruiz-Bastián M, Rodríguez-Tejedor M, Rivera-Núñez MAGroup S-C-W. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA on surgical masks worn by patients: proof of concept. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin . (2021) 39:528–30. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.12.004 25. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation (2009). 26. Boyce JM, Pittet D. Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA hand hygiene task force. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . (2002) 23:S3–S40. doi: 10.1086/503164 27. Patrick DR, Findon G, Miller TE. Residual moisture determines the level of touch- contact-associated bacterial transfer following hand washing. Epidemiol Infect . (1997) 119:3119–25. doi: 10.1017/s0950268897008261 28. Gião MS, Vardoulakis S. Aerosols and Bacteria from hand washing and drying in indoor air. Front Public Health . (2022) 10:804825. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.804825 29. Suen LKP, Lung VYT, Boost MV, Au-Yeung CH, Siu GKH. Microbiological evaluation of different hand drying methods for removing bacteria from washed hands. Sci Rep . (2019) 9:13754. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50239-4 30. Freeman MC, Stocks ME, Cumming O, Jeandron A, Higgins JP, Wolf J, et al. Hygiene and health: systematic review of handwashing practices worldwide and update of health effects. Trop Med Int Health . (2014) 19:906–16. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12339
Frontiers in Public Health
08
frontiersin.org
Made with FlippingBook interactive PDF creator