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can often be decreased. However, the author has personal experience with a few young dogs with immunosuppressive- responsive enteropathy that could be weaned off corticosteroids after having been treated with 3 FMTs at

10-20 days intervals. FMT is also used in dogs with acute diarrhoea. At the author’s clinic, FMT is always tried before antibiotics in non-septic dogs with acute diarrhoea that do not respond to conventional treatment.

REFERENCES

1. Jaramillo AP, Awosusi BL, Ayyub J, et al. Effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation treatment in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection, ulcerative colitis, and crohn’s disease: a systematic review. Cureus 2023;15(7):e42120. doi:10.7759/ cureus.42120 2. Paramsothy S, Nielsen S, Kamm MA, et al. Specific bacteria and metabolites associated with response to fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2019;156(5):1440-1454.e2. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.001 3. Green JE, Davis JA, Berk M, et al. Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diseases other than Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Microbes 2020;12(1):1-25. doi:10.1080/19490976. 2020.1854640 4. Chapman BC, Moore HB, Overbey DM, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant in patients with Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016;81(4):756-764. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001195 5. Pereira GQ, Gomes LA, Santos IS, Alfieri AF, Weese JS, Costa MC. Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection. J Vet Intern Med 2018;32(2):707-711. doi:10.1111/jvim.15072 6. Chaitman J, Ziese AL, Pilla R, et al. Fecal microbial and metabolic profiles in dogs with acute diarrhea receiving either fecal microbiota transplantation or oral metronidazole. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:192. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00192 7. Gal A, Barko PC, Biggs PJ, et al. One dog’s waste is another dog’s wealth: A pilot study of fecal microbiota transplantation in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. PLoS One 2021;16(4):e0250344. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250344 8. Toresson L, Spillmann T, Pilla R, et al. Clinical effects of faecal microbiota transplantation as adjunctive therapy in dogs with chronic enteropathies—a retrospective case series of 41 dogs. Veterinary Sciences 2023;10(4):271. doi:10.3390/vetsci10040271 9. He Z, Li P, Zhu J, et al. Multiple fresh fecal microbiota transplants induces and maintains clinical remission in Crohn’s disease complicated with inflammatory mass. Sci Rep 2017;7(1):4753. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04984-z 10. Paramsothy S, Kamm MA, Kaakoush NO, et al. Multidonor intensive faecal microbiota transplantation for active ulcerative colitis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10075):1218-1228. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30182-4 11. Johnsen PH, Hilpüsch F, Valle PC, Goll R. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on IBS related quality of life and fatigue in moderate to severe non-constipated irritable bowel: Secondary endpoints of a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. EBioMedicine 2020;51:102562. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.023

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