PAPILOCARE HCP BOOKLET 2025

VAGINAL MICROBIOTA AND IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HPV INFECTION

INCREASED DIVERSITY OF VAGINAL MICROBIOTA PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND HPV PERSISTENCE 13

Increased pH and oxidative stress 4

IMMUNE SYSTEM

Bacterial vaginosis decreases the production of pro-inammatory cytokines. 5

Weakened immune system enhances viral persistence. 6

INCREASED HPV PERSISTENCE

INCREASED BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

Decreased production of defence peptides, which are vital for the survival of lactobacillus 7

• Bacterial vaginosis increases the likelihood of HPV infection by disrupting the protective mucosa, favouring viral attachment. 1 • HPV decreases the inammatory response of the patient's immune system, which hinders viral clearance 5 • HPV itself has a negative impact on the vaginal microbiota, which increases the incidence of bacterial vaginosis. 7

1. Liang, Y., et al. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relationship between vaginal microecology, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Infectious agents and cancer, 14, 29 2. Mitra, Anita et al. “The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next?.” Microbiome vol. 4,1 (2016): 58. doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0203-0 3. Kyrgiou, Maria et al. “Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer?.”Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine vol. 179 (2017): 168-182. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.0042. 4. Łaniewski, Paweł et al. “The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy.” Nature reviews. Urology vol. 17,4 (2020): 232-250. doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0286-z 5. Amador-Molina, Alfredo et al. “Role of innate immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and eect of adjuvants in promoting specic immune response.” Viruses vol. 5,11 2624-42. 28 Oct. 2013, doi:10.3390/v5112624 6. Song, Dan et al. “Eect of human papillomavirus infection on the immune system and its role in the course of cervical cancer.” Oncology letters vol. 10,2 (2015): 600-606. doi:10.3892/ol.2015.3295 7. Lebeau, Alizee et al. “HPV infection alters vaginal microbiome through down-regulating host mucosal innate peptides used by Lactobacilli as amino acid sources.” Nature communications vol. 13,1 (2022) 1076. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28724-8

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