Kloth 2005, 2014
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Kloth LC. Electrical stimulation for wound healing: a review of evidence from in vitro studies, animal experiments, and clinical trials. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2005 Mar;4(1):23-44.
31 • Protein synthesis: ES triggers the opening of voltage sensitive calcium channels within the fibroblast plasma membrane. This results in the upregulation of insulin and TGF- β receptors on the cell surface that may cause increased rates of collagen and DNA synthesis. • Cell migration: cells involved in wound healing migrate toward the anode or cathode of an electric field delivered into the cell cultures (through ES). • Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that microampere levels of DC either kill or inhibit proliferation of common wound pathogens • The dosage range of 250 – 500 µC/s (= µA) represents a small window of electrical energy that has been shown to produce very favorable wound-healing results in studies. • The strength of the endogenous wound electrical fields measured in animals and humans that have been observed to direct cell migration (electrotaxis) after wounding have been measured between 10 and 100 µA/cm². • In recalcitrant wounds, it seems likely that the endogenous electrical fields are askew or absent, in which case the wounds often do not respond to standard wound care. How Exogenous Electrical Currents enhance wound healing Endogenous Bioelectric Currents • The human body has internal bioelectric systems that produce electrochemical signals, evident by the action potentials recorded from various organs/muscles during electrophysiological evaluation procedures (e.g.electrocardiogram). Cutaneous Bioelectric Currents: the Skin Battery • Measurable currents that reportedly contribute to wound healing are also found in the intact and wounded skin of humans, mammals, and amphibians. • When a wound occurs in the skin, an electrical leak is produced that short- circuits the “skin battery” at that point, allowing current to flow out of the moist wound, and is shut off when a wound dries out.
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PubMed
Kloth LC. Electrical Stimulation Technologies for Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2014 Feb 1;3(2):81-90.
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