Since then, G7 leaders have dedicated an average of 10% of their communiqués to energy. Between 1975 and 1989 all but two summits – Bonn 1985 and Toronto 1988 – addressed energy. From 1990 to 2004, the highest proportion on energy was 9% at London in 1991, and the lowest was 0.4% at Kananaskis in 2002. Between 2005 and 2014 came increases, with energy averaging 15% per summit. They peaked at L’Aquila in 2009 with 38% and sunk to 3% at Gleneagles in 2005. From 2015 to 2021, G7 summits produced fewer energy conclusions, peaking at Elmau in 2015 with 13%, falling off the agenda at the G7’s first virtual summit in March 2020, and staying low at 4% at Cornwall in 2021. Energy spiked to 22% at Elmau in 2022, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. It stayed at 22% at the 2023 Hiroshima Summit given the ongoing conflict. COMMITMENTS A total of 604 energy commitments have been generated at all summits from 1975 to 2023, surpassed only by the number of commitments were made. They peaked during the second oil shock of 1979: the summit at Tokyo made 43 energy commitments, representing 78% of the total. The period from 1984 to 1996 had no energy commitments, apart from London in 1991 with only three (5%). An increase came between 1997 and 2005, with 57 commitments generated at Gleneagles in 2005 (26%). That record peak was surpassed the following year when Russia hosted its first and only G8 summit, which produced a new high of 78 energy commitments (for 24% of the total). Since then, the number of commitments commitments on development. From 1975 to 1983, 113 energy on energy has varied: up to 41 (12%) in Heiligendamm in 2007, but none at Lough Erne in 2013, Biarritz in 2019 and the virtual summit in 2020. Cornwall in 2021 generated 14 (31%) and Elmau in 2022 made 49 (5%). Hiroshima in 2023 set a new all-time high of 85 (8%) commitments on energy. Of all these commitments, seven have been made on eliminating inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, starting at Camp David in 2012. COMPLIANCE Members’ compliance with their energy commitments averaged 84%, surpassing
G7 performance on energy
Can the Apulia Summit deliver on its energy plans? Historically, the G7 has performed well on its commitments in this area, but further work is essential for actionable outcomes that urgently mitigate both the energy and climate crises
H ow can the G7 manage and mitigate the complex, interconnected energy challenges at the forefront of the leaders’ agenda when they meet in Apulia in June? Italy’s prime minister and G7 host Georgia Meloni has said that Italy’s geographic location enables it to become a “natural energy supply hub for Europe” through its Mattei Plan, which builds on Italy’s strategic partnerships with Africa and its Mediterranean neighbours. But can the Apulia Summit deliver? CONCLUSIONS Due to the first oil shock in the 1970s, energy appeared in the communiqué at the leaders’ first meeting in Rambouillet in 1975.
By Ella Kokotsis , director of accountability, G7 Research Group
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2024 — ITALY: THE APULIA SUMMIT G7
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