ENERGY
G7 performance on energy, 1975–2023
100
75
50
25
0
Compliance (%)
Conclusions (% words)
Commitments (%)
the 77% average across all subjects, as assessed by the G7 Research Group. Compliance was high for commitments made at Genoa in 2001 with 100%; then 89% for Sea Island in 2004 and St Petersburg in 2006; then 87% for Heiligendamm in 2007 and Hokkaido-Toyako in 2008; back up to 100% for Charlevoix in 2018; and then 94% for Cornwall in 2021 and Elmau in 2022. By December 2023, the Hiroshima Summit had already achieved 100% compliance. Low compliance came for commitments made at Evian in 2003 with 61% and Camp David in 2012 with 68%. Overall, energy compliance was led by the European Union at 95%, followed by the United States at 93%, the United Kingdom at 91%, Germany at 88% and Canada at 86%. Below the 84% average came France at 82%, Japan at 79% and Italy at 68%. CAUSES AND CORRECTIONS The highest compliance of 100% came on commitments that referenced G7 energy ministerial meetings or created G7 official-level energy bodies. High compliance also came on commitments
ELLA KOKOTSIS Ella Kokotsis, PhD, is director of accountability of the G7 and G20 Research Groups. She has attended most G7 summits since 1994, has written broadly on various aspects of summitry and global governance, has directed the research and publication of numerous analytical documents, and has spoken extensively at summit-related conferences world-wide. She is co-author, with John Kirton and Brittaney Warren, of Reconfiguring the Global Governance of Climate Change and, with John Kirton, of The Global Governance of Climate Change: G7, G20 and UN Leadership .
X-TWITTER @g7rg www.g7.utoronto.ca
that referred to public-private sector partnerships (95%), linked to regulatory frameworks (89%), and defined timetables for actionable outcomes (88%). Energy commitments that used highly binding language had 86%, and those with low binding language had 81%. The three commitments made since 2016 that explicitly referenced the climate, greenhouse gas emissions or
decarbonisation had 86% compliance. Commitments referencing non-G7 agencies had 78%. At Apulia, G7 leaders can improve compliance by engaging their energy ministers to agree on highly binding commitments with defined timetables for actionable outcomes that will mitigate both the immediate energy crisis and the climate crisis now.
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ITALY: THE APULIA SUMMIT G7 — 2024
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