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Birthday Bash ™ Cotton Candy
Begonia Birthday Bash ™ Culture Guide Begonia x hybrida Product form: Vegetative Containers: Quarts, Gallons, Hanging Baskets Habit: Mounded Garden Specifications Garden Height: 12–18" (30–45 cm) tall Garden Width: 20–24" (50–60 cm) wide Exposure: Full Shade–Part Sun
Propagation of Unrooted Cuttings
Root emergence: 8–10 days Rooting hormone: Not recommended
Bottom heat temp: 72–75 °F (22–24 °C) for the first three weeks. After roots are well developed, temperatures can be lowered to hold and tone the cuttings. Misting: Mist schedules vary depending on light and temperature conditions. Apply just enough moisture to rehydrate the cuttings and keep them from wilting. Cuttings should be hydrated and in a non-wilted stage within 24 hours after sticking. Cuttings that continue to wilt heavily after 24 hours will callus unevenly and will be delayed in rooting. CapSil ® (spray adjuvant) can be sprayed on the cuttings at a rate of 2–4 oz/100 gal within 1–2 days after sticking to help in rehydration of the cuttings. Misting should be significantly reduced after 3–4 days and after cuttings become fully hydrated. Applying too much mist early on can lead to foliar disease and tissue breakdown. Recommended tray size: 50-cell (40 mm) Propagation timing: 5 weeks for a 50-cell tray; add more rooting time for significantly larger tray sizes. Temperature
USDA zone: 9–11 AHS zone: 10–1
Day: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Night: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Not necessary
Light intensity: 200–250 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. Light levels can be increased up to 600 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 as rooting increases and the cutting matures. Day length response: Day neutral Daily light integral (DLI): 4–6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. DLI can be increased to greater than 12 mol·m -2 ·d -1 after root formation. Media pH: 5.6–6.0 Media EC: SME EC: 0.9–1.3 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 1.4–2.0 mS/cm Fertilizer: Begin fertilization at 50 ppm nitrogen when roots become visible. Rates can be increased up to 100 ppm nitrogen after roots become well developed. Use primarily Cal-Mag ® Plus (calcium nitrate + magnesium nitrate) fertilizers in propagation to prevent unwanted stretch. Pinching: Recommended soft pinch if needed to encourage lateral branching. Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Usually not necessary. However, if needed to tone/hold liners, Birthday Bash ™ responds well to sprays of Altercel ™ at 500– 750 ppm or B-Nine ® WSG at 2,500 ppm.
Birthday Bash ™ Cream Puff
Finishing Temperature
Scheduling
PLANTS PER POT
SIZE
CROP TIME
Day: 68–75 °F (20–24 °C) Night: 65–73 °F (18–23 °C) Average daily temperature: 70 °F (21 °C) Lighting
1.0 quart (4.5 to 5 inch)
6–8 weeks
1 ppp
1.25 to 2.5 quart (5.5 to 6.5 inch, trade gallon) 3.0 quart to 2.0 gallon (7.5 to 10 inch) 1.5 gallon hanging basket (10 inch basket)
8–10 weeks
2–3 ppp
8–10 weeks
3–4 ppp
Day extension lighting: Not necessary Light intensity: 1,200–1,600 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 Day length response: Day neutral Daily light integral (DLI): 12–20 mol·m -2 ·d -1 If these recommended light levels can't be met naturally, supplemental lighting is highly recommended to improve finish quality and flower power. Transplanting: Transplant directly into the finished container. Place the rooting media slightly above the level of media in the container. Make sure that the root ball is covered and that the liner is situated in the center of the pot. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: 200–250 ppm N Pinching: Yes, 1 soft pinch is recommend either in propagation or 7–10 days after transplant. Plant growth regulators (PGRs): PGRs are not usually required. However, if needed Birthday Bash ™ begonias respond well to sprays of Altercel ™ at 500–1,000 ppm, or sprays of A-Rest ® at 5 ppm during finishing. Moisture level: Media should be allowed to dry between irrigations. Alternate between moisture level 2 and 3. 2 - MEDIUM: Soil is light brown in color, no water can be extracted from soil, and soil will crumble apart. 3 - MOIST: Soil is brown in color, strongly squeezing the soil will extract a few drops of water, and trays are light with no visible bend. Common pests: Thrips, broad mites Common diseases: Botrytis , Tospovirus , Xanthomonas
8–10 weeks
3–4 ppp
Estimated finish crop time is from transplant of a 50-cell tray and finished at an average daily temperature (ADT) of 70 °F (21 °C). Example crop schedule for a 2.5 quart
WEEKS FROM TRANSPLANT
DESCRIPTION
Provide average daily temperatures of 70 °F and DLI levels above 12 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . If needed, use supplemental lighting to increase DLI.
1 week
2 weeks
Soft pinch if not done in the liner stage.
Apply a spray of copper-based fungicide for prevention of bacterial diseases. Scout for insect pests and spray as needed throughout crop cycle. Apply a spray of Altercel ™ at 500–750 ppm if needed to control growth. Apply a broad-spectrum fungicide drench to prevent late-season basal stem rot and root rot diseases.
3 weeks
4 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
Finish
Birthday Bash ™ Chocolate Cherry
Birthday Bash ™ Cotton Candy
All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. © 2023 Syngenta. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Miss Mandy
Dahlia Miss Mandy Culture Guide Dahlia x hybrida
Bottom heat temp: 70–74 °F (21–23 °C) for the first three weeks. After roots are well developed, temperatures can be lowered to hold and tone the cuttings. Misting: Mist schedules vary depending on light and temperature conditions. Apply just enough moisture to rehydrate the cuttings and keep them from wilting. Cuttings should be hydrated and in a non-wilted stage within 24 hours after sticking. Cuttings that continue to wilt heavily after 24 hours will callus unevenly and will be delayed in rooting. CapSil ® (spray adjuvant) can be sprayed on the cuttings at a rate of 2–4 oz/100 gal within 1–2 days after sticking to help in rehydration of the cuttings. Misting should be significantly reduced after 2–3 days and after cuttings become fully hydrated. Rec. tray size: 105-cell (30 mm) or larger Propagation timing: 3.5–4 weeks for a 105-cell liner; add more rooting time for significantly larger liner sizes. Tech tip: Long-day lighting (day length extension or night interruption) is needed during propagation to avoid premature flowering and tuber formation. Temperature
Product form: Vegetative Containers: Gallons Habit: Mounded Garden Specifications Garden Height: 18–24” (45–60 cm) tall Garden Width: 14–18” (35–45 cm) wide
Day: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Night: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Average Daily Temperature: 70–74 °F (21–23 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Necessary to 14 hours
Exposure: Part Sun USDA zone: 10–11 AHS zone: 10–3 Product use: Containers, Landscapes, Patio Pots, Combos Propagation of Unrooted Cuttings Root emergence: 8–10 days Rooting hormone: Beneficial. A 0.1% (1,000 ppm) IBA concentration using either powder or liquid formulations can be applied to the lower portion of the cutting stem. Be careful not to coat the leaves or entire cutting–excess application can cause burning and damage to the cutting. Another option is to apply an overhead heavy spray to the cuttings (penetrating the rooting media) using water-soluble K-IBA (Hortus or Advocate) at 250–300 ppm 24–48 hours after sticking. Do not use overhead applications of alcohol-based IBA solutions (ex. Dip ‘n Grow ® ).
Light intensity: 200–250 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. Light levels can be increased up to 600 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 as rooting increases and the cutting matures. Day length response: Facultative short day Daily light integral (DLI): 4–6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. DLI can be increased to greater than 12 mol·m -2 ·d -1 after root formation. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 0.9–1.3 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 1.4–2.0 mS/cm Fertilizer: Begin fertilization at 100 ppm nitrogen when roots become visible. Rates can be increased up to 200 ppm nitrogen after roots become well developed. Use primarily Cal-Mag ® (calcium nitrate + magnesium nitrate) fertilizers in propagation
to prevent unwanted stretch. Pinching: Not recommended
Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Miss Mandy has a moderately vigorous habit and may require a PGR treatment in propagation. If needed to control growth after rooting, sprays of B-Nine ® WSG (1,500 ppm) are usually sufficient. A tank-mix spray of Florel ® (350–500 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (1,500 ppm) can also be used to control growth and improve branching. Do not spray Florel ® on stressed or weak cuttings. For all sprays listed above, the mist should be off for a minimum of one hour for the PGR to absorb into the leaf tissue.
Miss Mandy
Finishing
Try Chrysal Alesco ® , a postharvest foliar spray, to protect ethylene sensitive crops during shipping and retail.
Temperature Day: 66–68 °F (19–20 °C) Night: 64–66 °F (18–19 °C) Average daily temperature: 68 °F (20 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Beneficial to 14 hours Light intensity: 800–1,200 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 Day length response: Facultative short day Daily light integral (DLI): 16–18 mol·m -2 ·d -1
Scheduling SIZE
CROP TIME PLANTS PER POT
1.25 to 2.5 quart (5.5 to 6.5 inch, trade gallon)
8–10 weeks 1 ppp
3.0 quart to 2.0 gallon (7.5 to 10 inch) 1.5 gallon container (10 inch container) 2.0 gallon container (12 inch container) 3.0 gallon container (14 inch container)
9–10 weeks 2–3 ppp
10–11 weeks 3 ppp
Transplanting: Transplant directly into the finished container. Place the rooted liner relatively deep in the container. Dahlias need deep and sturdy planting to provide good support and balance in the pot for the maturing plants. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: 200–250 ppm N Pinching: Not necessary. Pinching will delay flowering by 1 week. Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Miss Mandy has a sturdy, well- branched habit and will need moderate PGR treatments during finishing. Sprays of B-Nine ® WSG at 2500 ppm are recommended at 4 weeks and 6 weeks after transplant to help control growth. Sprays of Florel ® at 250 ppm at 4 weeks and 5.5–6 weeks after transplant will also help to control growth and can be used instead of the B-Nine ® WSG sprays. The Florel sprays will also help prevent late- season flower peduncle stretch. A Bonzi ® drench at 2–4 ppm can be used to hold plants for sale. Tech tip: The ideal photoperiod during finishing to provide the correct balance between vegetative growth and flower formation is between 13–14 hours. Growing under very short natural days (< 12 hours) will result in short plants, fast flowering, and root tubers. Growing under too long of day lengths will result in an overly vegetative plant and delay flowering. Provide warm temperatures early on in finishing to allow plants to establish after transplant. Miss Mandy grows best under moderately warm temperatures. Avoid extreme heat stress, especially under relatively high light intensities. Scout and treat for a range of insects and diseases, including spider mites, thrips, and powdery mildew. Moisture level: Media should be allowed to dry between irrigations. Alternate between moisture level 2 and 4. 2 - MEDIUM: Soil is light brown in color, no water can be extracted from soil, and soil will crumble apart. 4 - WET: Soil is dark brown but not shiny, no free water is seen at the surface of the soil, when pressed or squeezed water drips easily, and trays are heavy with a visible bend in the middle. Common pests: Aphid, spider mites, thrips, leafminers Common diseases: Botrytis , powdery mildew, basal stem rot
10–11 weeks 4 ppp
10–11 weeks 5 ppp
Estimated finish crop time is from transplant of a 105-cell tray and finished at an average daily temperature (ADT) of 68 °F (20 °C). Example crop schedule for a 2.5 quart
WEEKS FROM TRANSPLANT
DESCRIPTION
Provide an average daily temperature of 68 °F (20 °C) and DLI levels above 15 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Pinch plants when they are rooted into the pot. Make sure photoperiod is between 13–14 hours per day. Apply a spray of B-Nine® WSG at 2,500 ppm or a spray of Florel® at 250 ppm to control growth. Apply a spray of B-Nine® WSG at 2500 ppm or a spray of Florel® at 250 ppm to control growth. Scout for spider mites, aphids, thrips, and powder mildew and treat if needed. Apply a broad-spectrum fungicide drench to prevent late-season basal stem and root rot.
1 week
4 weeks
6 weeks
7 weeks
9 weeks
Finish
Miss Mandy
All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. © 2023 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local Extension Service to ensure registration status. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. The trademarks or service marks displayed or otherwise used herein are the property of a Syngenta Group Company. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Birthday Bash ™ Cotton Candy Sunfinity ® Double Yellow
Helianthus Sunfinity ® Double Culture Guide Helianthus annuus Product form: Vegetative Containers: 2.5–3 quart, 1.5 gallon and larger patio containers Habit: Upright Garden Specifications
Propagation of Unrooted Cuttings
Root emergence: 6–8 days Rooting hormone: Recommended. An overhead heavy spray to the cuttings (penetrating the rooting media) using water-soluble K-IBA at 250–300 ppm 24–48 hours after sticking can hasten rooting. Bottom heat temp: 70–74 °F (21–23 °C) for the first two weeks. After roots are well developed, temperatures can be lowered to hold and tone the cuttings. Misting: Mist schedules vary depending on light and temperature conditions. Apply just enough moisture to rehydrate the cuttings and keep them from wilting. Cuttings should be hydrated and in a non-wilted stage within 24 hours after sticking. Cuttings that continue to wilt heavily after 24 hours will callus unevenly and will be delayed in rooting. CapSil ® (spray adjuvant) can be sprayed on the cuttings at a rate of 2–4 oz/100 gal within 1–2 days after sticking to help in rehydration of the cuttings. Misting should be significantly reduced after 3–4 days and after cuttings become fully hydrated. Applying too much mist early on can lead to significant Botrytis infections on vegetative sunflowers. Recommended tray size: 105-cell tray (30 mm) or larger. Propagation timing: 3–3.5 weeks for a 105-cell tray; add more rooting time for significantly larger tray sizes. Temperature
Garden Height: 28–36" (71–91 cm) tall Garden Width: 24–28" (61–71 cm) wide
Exposure: Full Sun USDA zone: 4–11 AHS zone: 12–1
Day: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Night: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Necessary to 14 hours.
Sunfinity ® Double Yellow
Light intensity: Provide 200–250 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. Light levels can be increased up to 600 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 as rooting increases and the cutting matures. Day length response: Facultative long day Daily light integral (DLI): 4–6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. DLI can be increased to greater than 12 mol·m -2 ·d -1 after root formation. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: Begin fertilization at 100 ppm nitrogen when roots become visible. Rates can be increased up to 200 ppm nitrogen after roots become well developed. Use primarily Cal-Mag ® (calcium nitrate + magnesium nitrate) fertilizers in propagation to prevent unwanted stretch. Pinching: Not recommended
Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Sunfinity ® Double sunflower has good vigor and generally will need chemical growth regulation in propagation. To control growth after rooting, sprays of B-Nine ® WSG (2,500-3,500 ppm) are usually sufficient. For all sprays listed above, the mist should be off for a minimum of one hour for the PGR to absorb into the leaf tissue. Bonzi ® (paclobutrazol) media sprenches at 0.5–1.0 ppm at 2.5 to 3 weeks after sticking can be applied to maintain control of internode growth.
Moisture level: Media should be allowed to dry between irrigations. Alternate between moisture level 2 and 3. 2 - MEDIUM: Soil is light brown in color, no water can be extracted from soil, and soil will crumble apart. 3 - MOIST: Soil is brown in color, strongly squeezing the soil will extract a few drops of water, and trays are light with no visible bend. Common pests: Aphids, spider mites, thrips, whiteflies, caterpillars Common diseases: Botrytis, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Thielaviopsis , powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust
Finishing Temperature
Scheduling
Day: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Night: 66–68 °F (19–20 °C) Average daily temperature: 69 °F (20 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Beneficial to 14 hours Light intensity: 800–1,200 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 Day length response: Facultative long day Daily light integral (DLI): 14–16 mol·m -2 ·d -1
PLANTS PER POT
SIZE
CROP TIME
1.25 to 2.5 quart (5.5 to 6.5 inch, trade gallon)
7–8 weeks
1 ppp
3.0 quart to 2.0 gallon (7.5 to 10 inch) 2.5 to 6.0 gallon planter (12 to 14 inch)
7–8 weeks
1–2 ppp
9–10 weeks
2–4 ppp
Estimated finish crop time is from transplant of a 105-cell tray and finished at an average daily temperature (ADT) of 69 °F (20°C).
Transplanting: Transplant directly into the finished container. Place the rooting media slightly below the level of media in the container. Make sure that the root ball is covered and that the liner is situated in the center of the pot. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: 200–250 ppm N Pinching: Optional Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Sunfinity ® Double sunflower has good vigor and generally will need chemical growth regulation. Sprays of B-Nine ® WSG (2,500–5,000 ppm) or Sumagic ® (20–30 ppm) can be used to control growth. Bonzi ® (paclobutrazol) drench at 1–2 ppm at 3–4 weeks after transplanting; if needed Bonzi drench at 1–2 ppm to hold size at finish. Tech Tip: For earliest flowering, provide long days, high light levels, and warm temperatures. Preventive fungicide applications for powdery mildew are recommended, especially in high humidity environments. Palladium ® , Micora ® and Segovis ® fungicides have all been effective at suppressing pathogens. Insecticides, such as Avid ® , Mainspring ® and Flagship ® , are effective.
Example crop schedule for a 2.5 quart
WEEKS FROM TRANSPLANT
DESCRIPTION
Provide average daily temperatures of 69 °F (20 °C) and DLI levels above 15 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . An optional pinch could occur when they are rooted into the pot. Apply preventative fungicides and insectides. Sprays of B-Nine ® WSG (2,500–5,000 ppm) or Sumagic ® (20–30 ppm) can be used to control growth. Evaluate plants and apply a Bonzi ® drench at 1 to 2 ppm to maintain compact, controlled growth. Drop temperature if needed to help control growth.
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
6 weeks
8 weeks
Finish
All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. © 2023 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local Extension Service to ensure registration status. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Birthday Bash ™ Cotton Candy Muehlenbeckia Coins
Muehlenbeckia Coins Culture Guide Muehlenbeckia axillaris
Propagation of Unrooted Cuttings
Root emergence: 10–12 days Rooting hormone: Not recommended Bottom heat temp: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) for the first three weeks. After roots are well developed, temperatures can be lowered to hold and tone the cuttings. Misting: Mist schedules vary depending on light and temperature conditions. Apply just enough moisture to rehydrate the cuttings and keep them from wilting. Cuttings should be hydrated and in a non-wilted stage within 24 hours after sticking. Cuttings that continue to wilt heavily after 24 hours will callus unevenly and will be delayed in rooting. CapSil ® (spray adjuvant) can be sprayed on the cuttings at a rate of 2–4 oz/100 gal within 1–2 days after sticking to help in rehydration of the cuttings. Misting should be significantly reduced after 3–4 days and after cuttings become fully hydrated. Because cuttings are so small, it is important to provide enough mist to keep the cuttings turgid. Too much mist can inhibit rooting and increase the chance of disease. Recommended tray size: 105-cell (30 mm) or larger with 2 cuttings per cell Propagation timing: 5–6 weeks for a 105-cell tray; add more rooting time for significantly larger tray sizes. Temperature
Product form: Vegetative Containers: Packs, Pints, Quarts Habit: Trailing/Spreading Garden Specifications Garden Height: 2–6" (5–15 cm) tall Garden Width: 6–12" (15–30 cm) wide Exposure: Full Shade–Full Sun USDA zone: 6–10 AHS zone: 11–4
Day: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Night: 68–70 °F (20–21 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Not necessary
Muehlenbeckia Coins
Light intensity: 100–200 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. Light levels can be increased up to 200–400 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 as rooting increases and the cutting matures. Day length response: Day neutral Daily light integral (DLI): 4–6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. DLI can be increased to greater than 12 mol·m -2 ·d -1 after root formation. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: Begin fertilization at 50–75 ppm nitrogen when roots become visible. Rates can be increased up to 100–150 ppm nitrogen after roots become well developed. Use primarily Cal-Mag ® Plus (calcium nitrate + magnesium nitrate) fertilizers in propagation to prevent unwanted stretch. Pinching: Optional Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Not recommended
Finishing Temperature
Scheduling
PLANTS PER POT
SIZE
CROP TIME
Day: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Night: 60–62 °F (16–17 °C) Average daily temperature: 66 °F (19 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Not necessary Light intensity: 800–1,200 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 Day length response: Day neutral Daily light integral (DLI): 10–12 mol·m -2 ·d -1
Packs
5–6 weeks 5–6 weeks
1 ppp 1 ppp
Large Packs
1 Pint (4 inch)
6–8 weeks
1–2 ppp
1 Quart (4.5 to 5 inch)
8–10 weeks
1–2 ppp
1.25 to 2.5 Quart (5.5 to 6.5 inch, trade gallon)
10–12 weeks
3–4 ppp
Estimated finish crop time is from transplant of a 105-cell tray with 2 cuttings per cell and finished at an average daily temperature (ADT) of 66 °F (19 °C).
Transplanting: Transplant directly into the finished container. Place the rooting media slightly below the level of media in the container. Make sure that the root ball is covered and that the liner is situated in the center of the pot. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: 200–250 ppm N Pinching: Yes, 1 pinch is recommend 7–10 days after transplant. Plant growth regulators (PGRs): PGRs are not usually required. Moisture level: Media should be allowed to dry between irrigations. Alternate between moisture level 3 and 4. 3 - MOIST: Soil is brown in color, strongly squeezing the soil will extract a few drops of water, and trays are light with no visible bend. 4 - WET: Soil is dark brown but not shiny, no free water is seen at the surface of the soil, when pressed or squeezed water drips easily, and trays are heavy with a visible bend in the middle. Common pests: None Common diseases: Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Pythium
Example crop schedule for a 1 quart
WEEKS FROM TRANSPLANT
DESCRIPTION
Provide average daily temperatures of 66°F (19 °C) and DLI levels above 10 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Pinch plants when they are rooted into the pot. Inspect roots and apply a preventative overhead fungicide drench to the plant/media to prevent fungal root rot and basal stem rot.
1 week
2 weeks
8 weeks
Finish
All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. © 2023 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local Extension Service to ensure registration status. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Painted Love™ Purple
Petunia Painted Love ™ Culture Guide Petunia hybrida Product form: Vegetative Containers: Quarts, Gallons, Hanging Baskets Habit: Mounding, Trailing/Spreading Garden Specifications Garden Height: 10–14” (25–35 cm) tall Garden Width: 20–24” (50–60 cm) wide Exposure: Full Sun USDA zone: 9–11 AHS zone: 11–2 Product use: Containers, Hanging Baskets, Landscapes, Patio Pots, Combos Propagation of Unrooted Cuttings Root emergence: 6–8 days Rooting hormone: Not recommended Bottom heat temp: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) for the first three weeks. After roots are well developed, temperatures can be lowered to hold and tone the cuttings.
Misting: Mist schedules vary depending on light and temperature conditions. Apply just enough moisture to rehydrate the cuttings and keep them from wilting. Cuttings should be hydrated and in a non-wilted stage within 24 hours after sticking. Cuttings that continue to wilt heavily after 24 hours will callus unevenly and will be delayed in rooting. CapSil ® (spray adjuvant) can be sprayed on the cuttings at a rate of 2–4 oz/100 gal within 1–2 days after sticking to help in rehydration of the cuttings. Misting should be significantly reduced after 2–3 days and after cuttings become fully hydrated. Petunias are particularly sensitive to over- misting. Petunias root quickly and applying too much mist can lead to chlorotic and deformed foliage and growing tips. Rec. tray size: 105-cell tray (30 mm) or larger Propagation timing: 3–3.5 weeks for a 105-cell tray; add more rooting time for significantly larger tray sizes. Temperature Day: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Night: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Beneficial Light intensity: 200–250 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. Light levels can be increased up to 600 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 as rooting increases and the cutting matures. Day length response: Facultative long day Daily light integral (DLI): 4–6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. DLI can be increased to greater than 12 mol· m -2 ·d -1 after root formation. Media pH: 5.6–6.0 Media EC: SME EC: 0.9–1.3 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 1.4–2.0 mS/cm Fertilizer: Begin fertilization at 100 ppm nitrogen when roots become visible. Rates can be increased up to 200 ppm nitrogen after roots become well developed. Use primarily Cal-Mag ® Plus (calcium nitrate + magnesium nitrate) fertilizers in propagation to prevent unwanted stretch. Supplemental feeding with additional iron (ex. iron chelate) will help prevent iron deficiency and leaf tip chlorosis. Pinching: Not recommended
Painted Love ™ Purple
Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Petunia Painted Love ™ has good vigor and generally will need chemical growth regulation in propagation. To control growth after rooting, sprays of B-Nine ® WSG (2,500-3,500 ppm) are usually sufficient. A tank-mix spray of Florel ® (350 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (2,500 ppm) can also be used to control growth and improve branching. Do not spray Florel ® on stressed or weak cuttings. For all sprays listed above, the mist should be off for a minimum of one hour for the PGR to absorb into the leaf tissue.
Tech tip: Keep media pH in the mid 5’s to avoid iron deficiency and tip chlorosis. Temperatures can be lowered three weeks after planting and especially towards the end of production to tone or hold the plant. High DLIs and cool finishing temperatures produce high-quality petunias. Moisture level: Media should be allowed to dry between irrigations. Alternate between moisture level 2 and 4. 2 - MEDIUM: Soil is light brown in color, no water can be extracted from soil, and soil will crumble apart. 4 - WET: Soil is dark brown but not shiny, no free water is seen at the surface of the soil, when pressed or squeezed water drips easily, and trays are heavy with a visible bend in the middle. Common pests: Aphids, thrips, budworms, leafminers, white flies Common diseases: Botrytis , powdery mildew, Viruses (TMV, TSWV)
Finishing
Temperature Day: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Night: 62–64 °F (17–18 °C) Average daily temperature: 67 °F (19.5 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Beneficial to 14 hours Light intensity: 800–1,200 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 Day length response: Facultative long day Daily light integral (DLI): 16–18 mol·m -2 ·d -1
Scheduling
SIZE
CROP TIME PLANTS PER POT
1.0 quart (4.5 to 5 inch)
5–6 weeks
1 ppp
1.25 to 2.5 quart (5.5 to 6.5 inch, trade gallon) 3.0 quart to 2.0 gallon (7.5 to 10 inch) 1.5 gallon hanging basket (10 inch basket) 2.0 gallon hanging basket (12 inch basket) 3.0 gallon hanging basket (14 inch basket)
7–9 weeks
1 ppp
Transplanting: Transplant directly into the finished container. Place the rooting media slightly below the level of media in the container. Make sure that the root ball is covered and that the liner is situated in the center of the pot. Media pH: 5.5–5.9 Media EC: SME EC: 2.3–2.8 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 3.5–4.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: 200–250 ppm N Pinching: Yes, 1 pinch is recommended 7-10 days after transplant. A second pinch can be given to plants grown in large baskets and containers. This second pinch can occur shortly before a final Bonzi ® drench. Use proper sanitation when pinching or shearing petunia. Petunia and other solanaceous crops are highly susceptible to the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), which can be easily transmitted by mechanical means. Plant growth regulators (PGRs): Petunia Painted Love ™ has good vigor and generally will need chemical growth regulation. Sprays of B-Nine ® WSG (2,500–5,000 ppm) or Sumagic ® (20–30 ppm) can be used to control growth. A tank-mix spray of Florel ® (350–500 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (2,500 ppm) can also be used to control growth and improve branching early in production. A Bonzi ® drench (2–4 ppm) can be given 3–4 weeks before finishing and results in toned, high quality plants.
8–9 weeks
2–3 ppp
9–10 weeks 3 ppp
9–10 weeks 4 ppp
9–10 weeks 5 ppp
Estimated finish crop time is from transplant of a 105-cell tray and finished at the recommended average daily temperature of 67 °F (19.5 °C). Example crop schedule for a 1.5 gallon hanging basket
WEEKS FROM TRANSPLANT
DESCRIPTION
Provide an average daily temperatures of 68 °F (20 °C) and DLI levels above 15 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Pinch plants when they are rooted into the pot. Apply a tank-mix spray of Florel ® (350 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (2,500 ppm) or Bonzi ® drench (1–2 ppm) to control growth and improve branching. Evaluate plants and apply a Bonzi ® drench at 3 ppm to maintain a compact, controlled growth. Drop temperature if needed to help control growth.
1 week
2 weeks
5 weeks
Try Chrysal Alesco ® , a postharvest foliar spray, to protect ethylene sensitive crops during shipping and retail.
9 weeks
Finish
All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. © 2023 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local Extension Service to ensure registration status. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. The trademarks or service marks displayed or otherwise used herein are the property of a Syngenta Group Company. All other trademarks are the property of their respective third-party owners.
Nirvana ® XDR Blush Splash
Vinca Nirvana ® XDR Culture Guide Catharanthus roseus Product form: Vegetative Containers: Pints, Quarts, Gallons, Hanging Baskets Habit: Mounding Garden Specifications
Propagation of Unrooted Cuttings
Root emergence: 10–12 days Rooting hormone: Recommended, especially if propagation temperatures are not ideal. A 0.1% (1,000 ppm) IBA concentration using either powder or liquid formulations can be applied to the lower portion of the cutting stem. Be careful not to coat the leaves or entire cutting–excess application can cause burning and damage to the cutting. Another option is to apply an overhead heavy spray to the cuttings (penetrating the rooting media) using water-soluble K-IBA at 250–300 ppm 24–48 hours after sticking. Do not use overhead applications of alcohol-based IBA solutions (ex. Dip ‘n Grow ® ). Bottom heat temp: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) for the first three weeks. After roots are well developed, temperatures can be lowered to hold and tone the cuttings. Misting: Mist schedules vary depending on light and temperature conditions. Apply just enough moisture to rehydrate the cuttings and keep them from wilting. Cuttings should be hydrated and in a non-wilted stage within 24 hours after sticking. Cuttings that continue to wilt heavily after 24 hours will callus unevenly and will be delayed in rooting. CapSil ® (spray adjuvant) can be sprayed on the cuttings at a rate of 2–4 oz/100 gal within 1–2 days after sticking to help in rehydration of the cuttings. Misting should be significantly reduced after 3–4 days and after cuttings become fully hydrated. Cold mist water sitting on Nirvana ® XDR foliage can cause severe leaf and growing tip distortion. To prevent this, many growers propagate Nirvana ® XDR cuttings using plastic tents or Reemay ® fabric to provide a very humid, warm environment without excess mist water sitting on foliage. Rec. tray size: 105-cell (30 mm) or larger Propagation timing: 4.5–5 weeks for a 105-cell tray add more rooting time for significantly larger tray sizes. Tech Tip: Starting Nirvana ® XDR from a callused cutting can help increase rooting speed by up to 2 weeks, promote rooting uniformity and robust vegetative growth for a faster finish quality liner. Keep young plants fertilized during propagation to prevent bottom leaf yellowing. Temperature
Garden Height: 14–18” (35–45 cm) tall Garden Width: 24–30” (60–76 cm) wide Exposure: Full Sun USDA zone: 10–11 AHS zone: 12–4 Product use: Containers, Hanging Baskets, Landscapes, Patio Pots, Combos
1. Nirvana ® XDR vinca is highly resistant to 20 isolates including ten of the most virulent strains of Phytophthora nicotianae that cause Phytophthora blight on annual vinca, confirmed in collaboration with Clemson University and in independent trials across North America. However, they are not immune to the disease. 2. For this reason, we highly recommend chemical rotations as a responsible and critical part of a disease resistance maintenance program. 3. Applications are also advised to control several other diseases that can infect vinca, such as Thielaviopsis , Rhizopus , Rhizoctonia , Pythium and Tospovirus (INSV and TSWV). Nirvana ® XDR simplifies production with fewer fungicide applications to keep your vinca crop healthy.
Day: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Night: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Average Daily Temperature: 72–74 °F (22–23 °C) Lighting Day extension lighting: Not necessary
Light intensity: 200–250 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. Light levels can be increased up to 600 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 as rooting increases and the cutting matures. Day length response: Day neutral Daily light integral (DLI): 4–6 mol·m -2 ·d -1 for the first two weeks after sticking or until root development occurs. DLI can be increased to greater than 12 mol·m -2 ·d -1 after root formation.
Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 0.9–1.3 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 1.4–2.0 mS/cm Fertilizer: Early fertilization is critical for Nirvana ® XDR to prevent bottom leaf yellowing in propagation, especially for magnesium. Begin fertilization at 100 ppm nitrogen when roots just become visible. Rates can be increased up to 200 ppm nitrogen after roots become well developed. Use primarily Cal-Mag ® Plus (calcium nitrate + magnesium nitrate) fertilizers in propagation to prevent unwanted stretch and provide added magnesium levels. Pinching: Not recommended Plant growth regulators (PGRs): To control growth after rooting, sprays of Altercel ™ (750 ppm), B-Nine ® WSG (2,500 ppm), or Altercel ™ (750 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (2,500 ppm) can be used depending on the growth rate and vigor of the plant. The Altercel ™ + B-Nine ® WSG combo spray will have a more growth regulating effect than either the Altercel ™ or B-Nine ® WSG spray alone.
Tech tip: Nirvana ® XDR requires high light and warm temperatures for high-quality plants. Avoid over-watering and cool temperatures during production. With adequate heat and light, one early pinch is all that is needed to produce well-branched plants. Nirvana ® XDRs work well in baskets. Heritage ® or Mural ® sprenches or drenches help prevent fungal basal stem rot after transplant. Moisture level: Media should be allowed to dry between irrigations. Alternate between moisture level 2 and 4. 2 - MEDIUM: Soil is light brown in color, no water can be extracted from soil, and soil will crumble apart. 4 - WET: Soil is dark brown but not shiny, no free water is seen at the surface of the soil, when pressed or squeezed water drips easily, and trays are heavy with a visible bend in the middle. Common pests: Thrips, whiteflies Common diseases: Thielaviopsis , Rhizopus , Rhizotonia , Pythium , Tospovirus (INSV and TSWV), fungal root rot, basal stem rot
Scheduling SIZE
Finishing Temperature
CROP TIME PLANTS PER POT
1.0 pint (4 inch)
6–7 weeks
1 ppp
Day: 76–78 °F (24–26 °C) Night: 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) Average daily temperature: 73–75 °F (23–24 °C) Lighting
1.0 quart (4.5 to 5 inch)
6–7 weeks
1 ppp
1.25 to 2.5 quart (5.5 to 6.5 inch, trade gallon) 3.0 quart to 2.0 gallon (7.5 to 10 inch) 1.5 gallon hanging basket (10 inch basket)
8–10 weeks 1–2 ppp
Day extension lighting: Not necessary Light intensity: 800–1,200 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 Day length response: Day neutral Daily light integral (DLI): 16–18 mol·m -2 ·d -1 If these recommended light levels can’t be met naturally, supplemental lighting is highly recommended to improve finish quality and flower power Transplanting: Transplant directly into the finished container. Place the rooting media slightly below the level of media in the container. Make sure the root ball is covered and that the liner is situated in the center of the pot. Media pH: 5.8–6.2 Media EC: SME EC: 1.5–2.1 mS/cm, PourThru EC: 2.3–3.2 mS/cm Fertilizer: 200–250 ppm N Pinching: Yes, 1 pinch is recommended 7–10 days after transplant. Make sure plants are rooted and established before pinching. Plant growth regulators (PGRs): To control growth after rooting, sprays of Altercel ™ (750 ppm), B-Nine ® WSG (2,500 ppm), or Altercel ™ (750 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (1,500–2,500 ppm) can be used depending on the growth rate and vigor of the plant. The Altercel ™ + B-Nine ® WSG combo spray will have a more growth regulating effect than either the Altercel ™ or B-Nine ® WSG spray alone. Sprays of A-Rest ® (2 ppm) or Sumagic ® (0.5 ppm) can also be applied if more growth control is needed. These sprays should be applied before flower development. Bonzi ® sprays are not recommended on vinca because of the chance of black leaf spotting. Bonzi ® drenches should also be avoided because of the chance of severe growth regulation.
9–10 weeks 2–3 ppp
10–11 weeks 4 ppp
Estimated finish crop time is from transplant of a 105-cell tray and finished at an average daily temperature (ADT) of 73 °F (23 °C). Example crop schedule for a 1.25 quart
WEEKS FROM TRANSPLANT
DESCRIPTION
Provide average daily temperatures of 73 °F (23 °C) or higher and DLI levels above 15 mol·m -2 ·d -1 . Pinch plants when they are rooted into the pot. Inspect roots and apply a preventative overhead fungicide drench to the plant/media to prevent fungal root and basal stem rot. Evaluate plants and apply a Altercel ™ (750 ppm) + B-Nine ® WSG (1,500 ppm) spray if needed to maintain mounded growth.
1 week
4 weeks
7 weeks
9 weeks
Finish
All photos are either the property of Syngenta or are used with permission. © 2023 Syngenta. Please check with your local Extension Service to ensure registration status. Some or all of the varieties may be protected under one or more of the following: Plant Variety Protection, United States Plant Patents and/or Utility Patents and may not be propagated or reproduced without authorization. Trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
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