expanding normalisation agreements, undermined Israel’s international standing, and affected the strategic environment of its relations with the United States. The study concludes that the transition from a deterrence- based strategy to one centred on permanent security has not enhanced Israel’s security so much as it has reshaped the nature of the threats it faces while increasing the costs of managing them at both the domestic and international levels. In doing so, the study offers a theoretical explanation for the transformation of Israel’s national security strategy in the aftermath of 7 October. Keywords: Israel, national security strategy, 7 October, Tufan al-Aqsa, permanent security, deterrence, critical juncture, settler colonialism.
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