وتعـدد الفاعليـن وتغيـر أنمـاط التعبئـة. كمـا يـروم إبـراز حـدود التدبيـر الناعـم، ليس اًا يتأرجـح بيـن قـًا للمقاربـة الأمنيـة بـل خيـارًًا إسـتراتيجي ًًّا متـكامل � اًا مطل بوصفـه بـديل التفاعـل والضبـط، وفـق مـا تفرضـه السـياقات السياسـية والاقتصاديـة والاجتماعيـة. ويخلـص البحـث إلـى أن التدبيـر الناعـم، رغـم مـا يتيحـه مـن إمكانيـات لاحتـواء نـًا بمـدى فاعليـة آلياتـه، خاصـة فيمـا � التوتـرات وتقليـص منسـوب العنـف، يظـل رهي يتعلـق بتعزيـز الثقـة، وتفعيـل المشـاركة، وتقويـة أدوار الوسـاطة، وتحقيق اسـتجابة فعليـة للمطالـب الاجتماعيـة، بمـا يسـهم في بنـاء علاقـة متوازنـة ومسـتدامة بيـن الدولـة والمجتمـع. الحــركات الاحتجاجيــة، التدبيــر الناعــم، الديمقراطيــة الكلمــات المفتاحيــة: التشــاركية، الوســاطة، السياســات العموميــة. Abstract This study is situated within the growing scholarly interest in analysing transformations in the governance of protest movements, with a particular focus on alternative approaches to traditional security-based responses. These approaches collectively form what can be conceptualised as the paradigm of “soft governance” of protests. The research aims to examine how the state adopts and operationalises these approaches in managing protest movements, in a manner that ensures stability while minimising political and social costs, within a rational framework that combines immediate interventions with long-term strategic planning. The study is grounded in the central assumption that the state no longer relies exclusively on coercive security measures in handling protests. Instead, it increasingly deploys a set of interconnected mechanisms based on interaction, negotiation and containment, involving a number of actors from political, civil and institutional spheres. In this regard, the research highlights four key approaches that constitute the core pillars of soft governance: dialogue, participatory democracy, public policies and intermediary institutions. Through an analytical and deconstructive approach, the study examines the roles, functions and limitations of these mechanisms in managing protest dynamics. It also emphasises the variations in their positioning, influence and effectiveness within the broader political and social system. Particular attention is given to the critical factor of trust—or lack thereof—between the state and protesters, as a decisive determinant in the success or failure of these approaches.
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