Furthermore, the study seeks to assess the impact of these mechanisms on the peacefulness of protest movements, while exploring the evolving nature of state–society relations in a context marked by increasing social demands, the diversification of actors, and changing modes of mobilisation. It also aims to highlight the limits of soft governance, not as a complete substitute for security-based approaches, but as a complementary strategic option that oscillates between engagement and control, depending on prevailing political, economic and social conditions. The study concludes that, despite its potential to mitigate tensions and reduce levels of violence, the effectiveness of soft governance remains contingent upon several factors, including the consolidation of trust, the enhancement of participatory mechanisms, the strengthening of intermediary institutions, and the ability to provide substantive responses to social demands. These elements are essential for fostering a balanced and sustainable relationship between the state and society. Keywords: protest movements, soft governance, participatory democracy, mediation, public policies.
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