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Abstract This study examines the growing role of artificial intelligence in military operations, focusing on what are commonly referred to as " lethal algorithms " and their role in the transformation of contemporary warfare. The research analyses the war in Gaza as a prominent case study of the use of algorithmic systems in target identification and strike and surveillance management. The study addresses a central question: how have lethal algorithms altered the nature of warfare in Gaza, and what legal and ethical implications arise from their use? The research employs an analytical approach combined with a case study methodology to examine the artificial intelligence systems reportedly used in Israeli military operations and assess their implications in light of the core principles of international humanitarian law, particularly distinction, proportionality and precaution. The findings suggest that the integration of artificial intelligence into military decision-making processes not only accelerates targeting operations but also raises significant legal and ethical concerns, including the decline of the human role in combat decision-making the emergence of what is known as a " responsibility gap " . The study also finds that the Gaza case may represent an early indicator of broader transformations in the nature of armed conflicts in the age of artificial intelligence, highlighting the urgent need for clearer international legal frameworks to regulate the military use of such technologies and ensure the protection of civilians in armed conflicts. Keywords: military artificial intelligence, lethal algorithms, Gaza war, international humanitarian law, autonomous weapons.
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