Autonomous combat drones
Figure 2 - Python graph of lift and drag vs. camber
Figure 3 - Significant air splitting at high camber (17%)
Analysis of the polynomial regression model used found the following equations: Lift: y = -5.6x 2 + 770x + 7500 Drag: y = 4.5x 2 + 140x + 730
Although the graph makes it seem like there are unlimited returns to increasing the camber, it must be appreciated that this is a basic simulation and may not consider all real-world variables. Therefore, the ‘air-splitting’ factor must be put in consideration as well. Therefore, there are limiting returns to increasing the camber, so an important aspect of UCAV design will be striking a balance between lift and drag from camber. Additionally, the design of the airframe is critical for the performance of any aircraft. Sóbester et al. (2005) states UAV airframe characteristics are also vastly different to those seen in traditional manned/commercial aircraft. Varsha & Somashekar (2018) analysed the characteristics of a high- performance UAV. They concluded that with a lack of pilot, and other human-related systems, there was a much greater degree of freedom with which the airframe could be designed. The main restriction was fitting in the payload and sufficient fuel. Therefore, the fuselage is often designed to have the lowest drag possible, through a low cross-sectional area, to maximize endurance and fuel efficiency (El Adawy et al. , 2023), seen in the figure below.
Figure 4: 3-point view of a typical UAV
The material of the airframe is also a key consideration. Lighter materials, such as a carbon composite, will improve the performance of the aircraft, but it will also be significantly more costly than basic materials. High-tech composite materials, such as Carbon Fibre Radar Absorbing Material can prevent radar detection while keeping the drone lightweight. This makes it an integral material for advanced drone systems.
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