Contents
Page Lesson
4 5 6 7 8
Materials
Teaching Simply
Welcome to Art in America Video #1 Drawing is Moving
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2
George Bellows
Elsie Speicher by Bellows
11 12 15 16 19 20
3 4 5 6 7 8
Video #2 Drawing a Good Line
John Singleton Copley
A Boy with a Flying Squirrel ( Henry Pelham) by Copley
Video #3 Identifying Light and Dark
Arthur Davies
Josie by Davies
Video #4 Colored Pencils
Rembrandt Peale
Rubens Peale with a Geranium by Peale
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9
John James Audubon
Hairy Woodpecker by Audubon
28 10
Winslow Homer
A Sick Chicken by Homer
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11
Robert Henri
Girl in White Blanket by Henri
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12
Max Weber
Chinese Restaurant by Weber
42 43
13 14
Video #5 Layered Colors
Walter Ufer
Autumn by Ufer
46 15
John Frederick Peto
An English Breakfast by Peto
50 16
Video #6 Ruler and Compass
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17
Charles Demuth
Flour Mill by Demuth
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18
Charles Burchfield
Childhood’s Garden by Burchfield
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Objectives
3
Materials
The art materials used throughout this book are listed below. Having these items on hand will simplify the preparation for each art class. You can conveniently pull required materials from your stock as needed according to the list in each lesson. Keep in mind that items listed under STARTER PACK MATERIALS were used in volume one of this series and may already be in your stock. ART MATERIALS STARTER PACK MATERIALS
Construction paper
Prismacolor ® colored pencil set Ebony ® pencils Eraser Pencil sharpener Drawing paper pad Ruler Compass with pencil
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Welcome to Art in America
In America, artists were free to go where they wanted to go to see new sites. They built their homes along the Atlantic coastline and into the heart of the American West as they created art of a world that was exciting to them. In this book, you will look at some of the ways that American artists have used line and color. You’ll learn practical ways to use line and color that make your pictures look better than you imagined they could. Drawing is a skill that we enjoy, we practice, and we get better at. Join me as we draw in new ways while discovering art in America. -Brenda Ellis America is a land filled with diverse people groups originating from many parts of the world. Those who came and made this land their home found rich resources for making art. The land and the animals that inhabited it, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans, provided new and different subjects for painting. In America, people found a place to express their ideas about art freely.
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Drawing a Good Line
Lesson 3 Video #2
Gather a sharp Ebony ® pencil, an eraser, a pencil sharpener, and drawing paper.
Drawing a good line is drawing a line that knows where it is going. To learn more about drawing lines, follow these steps.
1. Select a stuffed toy. Look in your room for one that you want to draw.
2. View Video #2 to see how to make a picture using a pencil. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas.
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PREP NOTES FOR LESSON 4 Your child will be asked to find a photograph to work from as a visual source. It is always best to allow children to choose the specific subject that they want to draw. Help students to understand that the photograph provides information. Artwork will not look like the photograph because it is not made in the same way with the same materials. Our art is our own expression, made with our own hands and that is what art should be. John Singleton Copley Lesson 4 (1738-1815)
John Singleton Copley was the American colonies’ finest artist. He painted portraits of the colonists in the English style that was so admired at that time. He added small touches, such as the flying squirrel in this painting that helped to tell a story about the boy. Copley’s paintings were the prized possessions of wealthy people living in the American colonies along the Atlantic coast before America became a nation.
Here, a boy has fed and offered a glass of water to a squirrel that he holds with a delicate gold chain. The painting was made to highlight Copley’s skills at painting glass, the fur of the squirrel, the velvet of the curtain, and the satin of the boy’s pink collar. When we look at a painting like this, we see a lot of complicated details. It is hard to know where tostart thedrawing.Manyartists like to start by thinking about simple shapes. We look at the object, like the boy in this painting, and set aside the details to draw the big simple shapes. The drawing to the right shows how we might see shapes in the painting. Look at how simply the small squirrel is drawn.
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A Boy with a Flying Squirrel (Henry Pelham), 1765 by Copley
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YOU BEGIN WITH SHAPES
STUDENT GALLERY Lindsay age 9
Gather an Ebony ® pencil, a pencil sharpener, an eraser, anddrawing paper.
Copley’s painting shows the detail that was so admired in the 18 th century. You’ve learned that with drawing, it is helpful to look at an object and think about the shapes that it is made up of. Choose an object that you can see or a photograph that you can see. Look for any large shapes that help to place the object onto the page to start your drawing. Draw big to fill the space of the paper.
2. The shapes tell the outlines where to go. Connect the shapes with lines. Don’t erase too soon. Your first lines tell the next ones where to go.
1. Look at the object and draw the big shapes. The object may be made up of many shapes and shapes that touch each other.
3. There are no mistakes in drawing. Each correction means that you are seeing the object more clearly and accurately. Draw the details and erase parts of the big shapes that you don’t need.
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Colored Pencils
Lesson 7 Video #4
Gather drawing paper, colored pencils, a pencil sharpener, and an eraser.
To draw with colored pencils, follow these steps.
1. Choose a model of an object that you are interested in. Look at the model as you draw it. Your subject might be a model of a ship, car, super hero, or animal. 2. View Video #4 to see how to use colored pencils. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas.
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Robert Henri (1865-1929)
Lesson 11
Robert Henri was an American portrait painter and teacher. He was a major leader of the Ashcan school and other groups that devoted their attention to painting realistic views of the lifestyles of those living in cities. He painted with loose brush strokes so that the casually dressed sitters look like people we might know. Henri painted the faces of children and grown-ups from Chinese, Dutch, Native American, African-American, and Spanish cultures. He painted people that he liked. From 1902 to the end of his life, Henri was an influential art teacher in New York art schools. There his ideas and techniques were passed on to many students of art who would become well-
known painters in American art history. Henri was influenced by the wispy lines of the Impressionists, but chose not to use their light colors. He preferred to use the dark colors that the academy artists favored. When lighter colors in faces are placed against these dark backgrounds, the light areas stand out. In this lesson we will explore light colors on dark backgrounds.
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Girl in White Blanket, 1917 by Henri
When we draw in color, we usually think about the color of the objects that we see and then choose a color similar to it in our pencil set. There is another element that we can look at and it will also make a big difference in how our art looks. It is the element of value or how light or dark something is. We can see in the paintings below by Henri, that he liked to surround the people in his paintings with dark backgrounds. The darkness is very different from the lighter faces. Using light and dark, he makes the faces stand out so that we really notice them. Let’s look at how he uses light and dark in the painting of a girl wrapped in a white blanket. The background is filled with darkly woven blankets or rugs. What part of the girl is dark? Yes, her hair is dark. What does Henri use to separate the dark hair from the dark background? Yes, the white blanket over her head stands between the dark hair and the background.
How many places in the painting show light areas next to dark areas?
What colors in this painting are dark colors?
What colors in this painting are light colors?
Catharine by Henri 1913
George Cotton Smith by Henri, 1980
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35
YOU FILL LIGHT AND DARK SPACES
In Henri’s paintings we see dark backgrounds. There are two ways to get dark backgrounds. You can start with dark paper and focus on filling in the lighter areas. Or you can start with white paper and fill those dark spaces using the colored pencils. You choose a way to start.
Gather colored pencils including white and other light colors, black construction paper or white drawing paper, a pencil sharpener, and an eraser.
Set up a still life using a doll or other light colored object. Arrange the background to be darker than the object that you sit in front of it.
WHEN STARTING WITH A DARK SHEET OF PAPER
1. Draw the outlines of the objects in the still life. Erase and redraw until you get the objects placed where you want them. With colored pencils, fill in the background and other dark colors in the picture.
2. Once the picture is colored with dark colors, go over the areas using a light pressure to fill in areas that are lighter. Layer colors on top of each other. White and brown were used on the doll clothing.
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STUDENT GALLERY
Naomi age 9
Miriam age 11
WHEN STARTING WITH A WHITE SHEET OF PAPER
1. Draw lines to show where the doll sits on your paper. Draw the objects and patterns in the background. Use light pressure on the pencil to fill the lightest areas of the picture.
2. Add more pressure as you hold the pencil to fill dark areas of the picture. You might call some of these colors brighter. Sharpen the pencil when it wears down and continue to fill spaces.
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PREP NOTES FOR LESSON 12 Before beginning this lesson, you may want to take a tour of home and outdoors to look for patterns. You might have your child take photos of patterns that they see.
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Max Weber (1881-1961) Chinese Restaurant, 1915 by Weber
Lesson 12
Max Weber was an American cubist painter. He came to America from Russia at the age of ten. In his twenties he went to Europe and discovered modern ideas in art as he met Mattise, Picasso, and Rousseau. He returned to New York and introduced cubism to America. Cubist painters look at the things in our world and show only parts of those things in their art. Chinese Restaurant is Weber’s most famous painting. In it we see bits of tile floor, part of an awning, a piece of a red wall, and parts of what might be people, curtains, and steps.
Can you find a checker board pattern in two areas of the painting? Can you find a pattern that might represent tile that one sees on a wall or floor? Where are straight lines sitting side by side? Where are zigzag lines repeated?
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Pattern is what happens when a shape is repeated. Some patterns are complicated with irregular shaped edges. Some patterns are very simple with lines and circles. When a shape spreads out from a center point, it is a radial pattern. Any shape can be repeated to create a pattern. A single tile shown below is just a form, but when stacked the tiles create a pattern that we can see.
The kites in this picture look like fish. The fish scales are a pattern. When the shape of a scale is repeated, together they make a pattern. When the shape is changed the look of the pattern is changed. This print is from Japanese artist, Hokusai. Some people in America would have seen it. People from many different nations came to America to work and they brought their art with them. On the previous page, you saw a painting of a Chinese restaurant in New York. American art does not have one look. It has many! The art that we call American was a combination of many cultures coming together.
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YOU USE PATTERN
STUDENT GALLERY Hannah age 9
You just looked at a picture that showed parts of objects, including some patterns. Select a subject to draw that has pattern. Learn about patterns below. Then, draw a scene with some patterns. Gather a colored pencil set, drawing paper, a sharpener, and an eraser.
Drawing a grid with intersecting lines is a good place to start a pattern. A checkerboard pattern is made when one square is colored, followed by one that is not. Use curved lines too. The fish scale pattern is made using a curved line from corner to corner of a square. The spaces can be filled in the same ways using lines and colors.
Dividing the squares on the grid from corner to corner gives us spaces for a new kind of pattern. Here are two patterns made from the same division of space. This design from pottery starts with lines that are the same through each row, but different from each other. When filled with color, a shape appears.
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Objectives
The purpose of objectives is not to inhibit or restrain creativity in any way, but to ensure that the activity is focused clearly enough that both student and teacher know what is to be learned in the lesson. When objectives are met, your child is learning, without regard to the skill level or outcome of the art being produced! Lesson 1: The student will select a round and a square object to draw from observation while making lines that move from one point to another point and go round and round. Lesson 2: The student will be able to look at a figure and draw lines to show the edges of the figure. Lesson 3: The student will execute a drawing of a toy or other object while focusing on lines. They use a process of deciding where the line will start, where it will end, and the path it takes to get there. Lesson 4: The student will make a drawing of a figure using shapes to layout the location of the parts.
Lesson 5: The student will draw an animal in pencil using shading to identify the dark areas.
Lesson 6: The student fills in shapes with lines to describe an animal form.
Lesson 7: The student will draw model vehicles or animals in colored pencils.
Lesson 8: The student will draw a plant in colored pencil using light pressure for light areas and applying more pressure for darker areas. Lesson 9: The student will identify colors that stand out from other colors in a scene and make a colored pencil drawing. Lesson 10: The student will find a photo of a figure with shadows or may set up a light situation that shows shadows from a figurine. The student will make a drawing of the figure and its shadow in colored pencils. Lesson 11: The student will demonstrate understanding of how light colors stand out against a darker background.
Lesson 12: The student will explore patterns while completing a colored pencil drawing.
Lesson 13: The student will demonstrate the technique of layering colors in a work of art with colored pencils.
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