foundations, highlighting the connection between capitalist expansion, the depletion of natural resources, and the intensifying competition over energy resources and strategic minerals. Garzón also explores the limits of current expectations surrounding the transition to renewable energy, warning against reducing the ecological transition to a mere substitution of energy sources without addressing prevailing patterns of production and consumption. He argues that confronting the current crisis requires a fundamental reorganisation of the relationship between economy and nature based on principles that reconcile social justice with environmental sustainability within the limits of available resources. Keywords: energy war, biophysical economics, ecological crisis, extractive colonialism, strategic minerals.
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