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during the stage of primary narcissism, the object makes its appearance, the second opposite to loving, namely hating, also attains its development Indifference falls into place as a special case of hate or dislike, after having first appeared as their forerunner. At the very beginning, the external world, objects, and what is hated are identical. If later on an object turns out to be a source of pleasure, it is loved, but it is also incorporated into the ego; so that for the purified pleasure-ego once again objects coincide with what is extraneous and hated. Just as the pair of opposites love—indifference reflects the polarity ego—external world, so the second antithesis love—hate reproduces the polarity pleasure—unpleasure, which is linked to the first polarity. When the purely narcissistic stage has given place to the object-stage, pleasure and unpleasure signify relations of the ego to the object. Preliminary stages of love emerge as provisional sexual aims while the sexual instincts are passing through their complicated development. The developmentaly first of these aims there is the (oral) phase of incorporating or devouring. As it regards subject’s relation to objects, during this phase, love is consistent with abolishing the object's separate existence. At the higher stage of the pregenital (sadistic-anal) organization, characterized by aiming for mastery over the object, injury or annihilation of the object is a matter of indifference. Love in at this preliminary stage is hardly distinguishable from hate in its attitude towards the object. During pregenital/pre-oedipal phases love is marked by ambivalence. Only when the genital/Oedipal organization is established does love become the opposite of hate. The third antithesis of loving, the transformation of loving into being loved, corresponds to the polarity of activity and passivity, as in cases of scopophilia and sadism. In a separate paper “Repression” (Freud, 1915c) , Freud distinguishes between primal repression , which is “the psychical (ideational) representative of the instinct being denied entrance to the consciousness” (Freud, 1915c, p. 148), and ‘ repression proper’ , the ‘ after- pressure ’. III. Ab. Evolution of the Late Drive theory: Third phase/ period/ ‘step’: From 1920 – 1939/40 As Freud reached the final phase of his dual drive theory in his 1920 paper “Beyond the Pleasure Principle”, the drive concepts and their classification changed radically. As a part of an overall psychoanalytic theory, this text also reformulates the concept of the unconscious conflict: While previously, the conflict was seen as between sexual and ego preservative instincts (Freud, 1911a, 1914), now, in 1920, the conflict is between the drives and defense.
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