Attachment and Spiritual Maturity 51
In comparison of related categories, the greatest number of participants reported Optimal parenting on the PBI (35.8%) ofwhich (35%) fell into the Secure childhood
category. The second largest group reported Affectionate Constraint parenting on the
PBI (29.2%) of which (11%) fell into the Secure childhood category. There were fewer
in the Affectionless Control subscale of the PBI (18.9%) with (16%) falling into the
Secure childhood category. The smallest amount reported Neglectful parenting on the
PBI (16.0%) with (8.0%) uncharacteristically falling into the Secure childhood category
(see Table 3). This supports the similarity ofHazan and Shaver' s Secure Childhood Attachment and Maternal Care of the (PBI). Table 3
Comparison ofMaternal Parental Bonding with Childhood Attachment
Hazen and Shaver Measure
-- Secure
Avoidant
Insecure
Total
Mat. Parental Bonding
Optimal
n=O
n = 2
n= 74 34.9%
n =76 35.8%
.9%
n = 37 17.5%
Affectionate Constraint
n =2
n = 62 29.2%
n =23 10.8%
.9%
n = l
Affectionless Control
n =6 2.8%
n = 33 15.6%
n = 40 18.9%
.5%
n = 3 1.4%
n = 14
n = 17
Neglect
n = 34 16.0%
6.6%
8.0%
n = 6 2.8%
n = 59 27.8%
n = 147
n =212
69.3%
100%
Number ofMissing Observations: 4
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