PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT: VARIABLES
MEANING / PURPOSE
COMPETENCE
SELF-DETERMINATION
IMPACT
Impact is the degree to which an individual can influence Strategic, administrative, or operating outcomes at work (Ashforth. 1989).
Meaning is the value of a work goal or purpose, judged in relation to an individual's
Competence, or self-efficacy, is an individual's belief in his or her capability to perform activities with skill (Gist, 1987). Competence is analogous to agency beliefs, personal mastery, or effort-performance expectancy (Bandura, 1989). Time Vs. Competency
Where competence is a mastery of behaviour, self determination is an individual's sense of having choice in initiating and regulating actions (Deci, Connell, & Ryan, 1989). Self-determination reflects autonomy in the initiation and continuation of work behaviours and processes; examples are making decisions about work methods, pace, and effort (Bell & Staw. 1989; Spector, 1986).
own ideals or standards (Thomas & Velthouse,
1990). Meaning involves a fit between the requirements
of a work role and beliefs, values, and
behaviours (Brief & Nord, 1990; Hackman & Oldham, 1980).
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