Expanding women’s access to resources and training is important towards reducing their greater livelihood vulnerability • Wc o ouml dehnefl aprtmh ee mr s uo nf tde enrfsat caen db ahror wi e rtso iinmtpe rr omvse ot fhaeci rc eosws nt os ittruaai nt iionng aanndd geadiuncgart ieoant etrh a t empowerment in affairs at home and in their community. • Fs eegmma el en-ths eoafdceodc oh ao uf as remh oe lrdss. Ta hr ee ss et rhoonug sl ye hoovledrsr ea pr er et syepni ct ea dl l yi nc hma or ar ec tveur il sneedr abbyl ea smaller household size and normally will not have a male husband in the house 7 . Ws i zoems , ehna vh ee al edsss oaf chc oe us ss et oh oi nl dp ut et ns da nt od rme layr kmeot ,r ae nodn hhai vr ee dh laadb ol eus rs, ahcacvees ss mt oa el l de ur cf aa rt imo n resulting in higher illiteracy and innumeracy rates. 8, In Ghana, female-headed hhoouusseehhoollddss.are estimated to have around a third less income than male-headed 9 Addressing gendered roles and norms can unlock greater participation of women in decision - making • Ms ael en oafr certoyppsi ,c tahl leyy t oh fet el annadl os owcnoenr tsr aonl dd epcri ismi oanr-ymdaekciins gi oonn- mh oa ku es er sh. oAl ds ti hn ec oy mc oen t r o l t h e 10 . These dinypnuatms, itcosomlseaanndthseartvmiceens mcoamy phaarveedgtroewatoemr aecnc.ess to and control over agricultural • Male - headed cocoa households tend to be the norm for those households with married couples where the male will self-identify as head of household 11 . This ruenpi trse sa er ne tcshtahrea cmt earj oi zrei tdy boyf mh oeuns’ es hdoolmd si ni na nt ht er oTl eOsCi ns ucpopc loya cl ha ab ionu. rT, hdeescei shi oonu s e h o l d - making, ar ensdp coonns ti br oi lli toyv feorri nf ocoodmper aonddu crtei soonu, rhcoeuss, ewhhoillde ww oo rmk e, anni dn mt haerhg oi nuaslechoocl odabteaasrk gs ,r we ai tt ehr mproerveailliimngitegdenadcecersnsotromlas.nd, services, and the economic benefits of cocoa due to 12 • Wl a ri gt he lwy oc omnet nr i’ bs ul at ne dt hoewi rnlearbsohui pr taot caor oc ou an df a 2r m5 %s tihne Cy ôdt oe nd o’ I tv oo iwr en, (wa os mp aernt foafr amme rasl e - headed household) and where they have limited control on income earned. 13 • Bc oemy omn ud nt iht ey ha no du sceohoopl ed rlaetvi ve el , lwe vo eml se, na na lds oa roef toefnt el na cuknad ev rori ec ep ri en sde enct iesdi oi nn - lme aadk ei nr sg hai tp t h e positions.
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