Diandra Maria Pânișoară
CPTSD: Causes, Manifestations, Treatment and Effects on Social Relationships T he formative years are fundamental to how an individual will be shaped, how they will see the world and, how they understand to act in certain situations. For this reason, it is essential to create a safe and educational environment in which children can build their personalities and abilities on distinct levels. The CPTSD Foundation describes Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder as: “the results of ongoing, inescapable, relational trauma”. Unlike Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Complex PTSD typically involves being hurt by another person. These hurts are ongoing, repeated, and often involving a betrayal and loss of safety. CPTSD affects 1% to 8% of the population and 50% when we turn our attention to a mental health environment (Maercker et al., 2022). The article by Zahara Omidbakhsh, Zahara Mohammadi, and Samaneh Soltanabadi, “Childhood Maltreatment and Complex PTSD: A Systematic Literature Review,” analyzes five categories that create an environment in which this disorder can take hold. First emotional processing is important in accepting, tolerating, and regulating emotions. In the context of abuse that disrupts a child’s safety, healthy emotional processing is altered, creating an environment that is prone to CPTSD. Second intrapersonal factors such as self-esteem and self-confidence are negatively affected by the way individuals who have experienced abuse and neglect in early life self-analyze themselves. Third interpersonal factors affect how a person relates to external elements such as how individuals communicate
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