module collects all maintenance data and uses different analysis tools to conduct varying equipment, space, floor, and building analyses. Utilizing comparison and visualization of the maintenance frequency and actual damage numbers to isolate the equipment and areas can decrease operation and maintenance costs. Reducing waste caused by excessive maintenance leads to achieving efficient facility operation and maintenance. Ideal O&M management goes beyond the traditional scope as it relies on well-defined preventive and timely corrective maintenance. It will utilize technology like data science and IoT to detect anomalies in operation, possible defects in equipment and processes while reporting these findings in an adaptively interactive way to help stakeholders make better decisions. The data-driven Predictive Maintenance dis - tinguishes the Digital Twin from an ordinary BIM to FM framework since it incorporates the data from various services/processes and data analytics to identify when failures will occur. Safety Module The Safety Module manages the facility’s fire safety, surveillance, se - curity, and similar systems to ensure the facility’s overall safety while preparing for hidden hazards and emergency responses. The integrated platform can display information from these systems and provide a comprehensive view of the entire campus or facility by tying into the video surveillance systems. With access to safety-related equipment’s locations, maintenance, inspection records, and other related informa - tion, the module can quickly identify, locate, and trigger the security alarm when the equipment breaks down or goes offline and provide health analysis based on its warranty status. Furthermore, the platform can visualize the failure or problematic event with varying colors, distribution, patterns, and frequencies to support effective safety management. Understanding the failure pattern in different dimensions and combining targets to establish management strategies provides a solid basis for improving the facility’s safety and security while avoiding redundant work and efforts. Compared with the traditional management method, the integrated module provides users with an informed decision-making foundation by utilizing rel - evant data and analyses to screen valuable information, unveil hidden issues, and deliver possible causes and potential solutions. For example, when a heat map rendering of the carbon monoxide (CO) analysis reveals the concentration and distribution of CO and where it might be accumulated, the facility manager can identity the pollution sources accordingly and implement corresponding measures such as exhaust air ventilation. Also, real-time visualizations of parking space usages, patterns, density, traffic flows, and distribution can facilitate more accurate implementation of time-based charging, parking flow adjustment, and optimized parking management. Lastly, fire emer - gency simulation tools can display fire equipment and escape routes to support emergency events and training so personnel can quickly and accurately understand the situation and setting. Real Estate Module Real estate is sometimes overlooked during the operational stage due to its absence in a traditional AM/FM scope. However, with the intro -
with a pre-trained digital brain to identify the likelihood of failure within a certain amount of time. The result will be reported to the end- user in different modes (3x3 rules) and formats. Long-term data management is a critical part of this module. The op - eration history of various vital assets will be monitored and analyzed against their designed use cases. For example, at a micro-level, the analysis tool will determine if critical assets are beyond their useful life, or detect an operational defect. Another example from the macro- level occurs when an area is subject to an abnormally high number of asset failures. These breakdowns will be highlighted on the dashboard, so subject matter experts can investigate the root cause such as zone temperature settings or poor maintenance by a contractor. Asset Maintenance Module The Asset Maintenance Module comprehensively manages repairs and work orders in the facility by collecting work order information based on equipment status. It also continuously optimizes repair status. The work order analysis and notification system provide different levels of alarms based on each work order’s criticality and urgency. It cat - egorizes them based on accumulation, processing time, frequency, etc. on the facility’s 3D model. The intuitive visualization, grouping, and prioritization can support implementing different management strate - gies while improving the efficiency and effectiveness of processing work orders. Although lack of maintenance causes a lot of waste in building op - eration and maintenance, excessive maintenance is also a source of unnecessary discarded materials. The utilization of the Maintenance Management Module enables facility managers and operators to bal - ance their workforce and better allocate and relocate resources. The Five Modules of a Digital Twin. Credit: Geroge Broadbent and Dr. Eve Lin
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