Glossary of Terms lix Adventitious growth – a bud or shoot arising from a place other than the leaf axil of a tree or shoot tip. These are usually triggered by stress within the tree. Agricultural Reserve – land encompassing one-third or 93,000 acres of Montgomery County, Maryland. The Reserve is home to more than 500 working farms. Arboriculture – practice and study of the care of trees and other woody plants in the landscape. Bark – the outer woody and hard “skin” of a tree. Blight -- dieback of leaves and twigs on major portions of a tree. Branch collar – area where a branch joins another branch or trunk that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk. It is usually an enlarged area at the base of a branch. Broad leaf trees – a tree bearing broad, flat leaves. Examples are part of the appendices. Brown rot -- infected wood often found on conifer that has a dry, burnt, cubical appearance. Cable – to install steel cable or synthetic rope between branches of a tree to limit movement and provide supplemental support. The term can also apply to the steel wires twisted together in a uniform helical arrangement; cable intended for arboricultural application is usually coated with zinc. Cabling – installation of steel or synthetic cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or branch unions. Cambium -- the thin layers of meristematic cells that give outward rise to the phloem and moving inward to the xylem. Canker -- Localized dead tissue, often discolored and shriveled. Canopy – collective branches and foliage of a tree or a group of trees’ crowns. Aggregate or collective tree crowns. In a built environment, known as urban canopy. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) – one of the problem greenhouse gas emissions targeted by the Montgomery County Climate Action Plan. CO 2 equivalent can be estimated by calculating how much atmospheric CO 2 is taken in by trees to provide the carbon stored in the tissues of individual trees. Certified Arborist – credential from the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) that is accredited by the ANSI National Accreditation Board (ANAB) for meeting or exceeding ISO 17024 standards for certification bodies. ISA Certified Arborists must be trained and knowledgeable in all aspects of arboriculture. ISA Certified Arborists must also adhere to the Code of Ethics. Chlorosis -- yellowing of green tissues as a result of a lack of chlorophyll. Codominant leader – forked stems nearly the same size in diameter, arising from a common junction and lacking a normal branch union. Compartmentalization -- a natural defense system within a tree by which the tree creates a chemical and physical boundary, usually around a wound in the tree. A tree reacts by compartmentalizing to stave off disease and insects. Conifer trees – cone-bearing tree or other plant that has its seeds in a cone. Critical root zone – often referred to as a CRZ, the area from the dripline of a tree that surrounds the tree. The CRZ is a circle with a radial distance of 1.0 foot for every 1inch dbh (diameter at base height) with a minimum of eight feet. Crown -- the most visible portion of a tree that includes the branches and leaves of the tree. The crown produces food for the tree.
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