introduction-to-wellbore-positioning-r10-2026

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𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐼 Ωcosϕ

19

GXYZ-ZG2

3-axis, stationary: z gyro g-dependent error 2

S

S

0

0

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐼

20 21

GXYZ-SF GXYZ-MIS

3-axis, stationary: Gyro scalefactor 3-axis, stationary: Gyro misalignment

S S

S S

0 0

0 0

1 cosϕ

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 Ω cosϕ cosI

22

GXY-B1

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro bias 1

S

S/R

0

0

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 Ωcosϕ

23

GXY-B2

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro bias 2

S

S/R

0

0

24

GXY-RN

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro random noise

S

R

0

0

√1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝐼 Ωcosϕ cosI

𝑓.

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐼 Ωcosϕ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐼 Ωcosϕ

25

GXY-G1

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro g-dependent error 1

S

S

0

0

26

GXY-G2

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro g-dependent error 2

S

S/R

0

0

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 Ωcosϕ

27

GXY-G3

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro g-dependent error 3

S

S/R

0

0

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐼 Ωcosϕ

28

GXY-G4

2-axis, stationary: xy gyro g-dependent error 4

S

S

0

0

𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜙 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐼

29 30

GXY-SF

2-axis, stationary: Gyro scalefactor 2-axis, stationary: Gyro misalignment

S S

S S

0 0

0 0

1 cosϕ cosI

GXY-MIS

31 32 33

EXTREF EXTTIE EXTMIS

External reference error

S S S

S S S

0 0 0

0 0 0

1 1

Un-modelled random azimuth error in tie-on tool

1 sinI

Misalignment effect at tie-on

∆𝐷 𝑖 𝑐

34

GXYZ-GD

3-axis, continuous: xyz gyro drift

C

S

0

0

ℎ 𝑖 =ℎ 𝑖−1 +

35

GXYZ-RW

3-axis, continuous: xyz gyro random walk

C

S

0

0

∆𝐷 𝑖 𝑐

ℎ 𝑖 =√ℎ 𝑖−1 2

+

1

∆𝐷 𝑖 𝑐

36

GXY-GD

2-axis, continuous: xy gyro drift

C

S

0

0

ℎ 𝑖 =ℎ 𝑖−1 +

𝐼 𝑖−1 +𝐼 𝑖 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛 (

)

37

GXY-RW

2-axis, continuous: xy gyro random walk

C

S

0

0

1

∆𝐷 𝑖 𝑐

ℎ 𝑖 = √ ℎ 𝑖−1 2

+

.

𝐼 𝑖−1 +𝐼 𝑖 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛 (

)

1

∆𝐷 𝑖 𝑐

38

GZ-GD

z-axis, continuous: z gyro drift

C

S

0

0

ℎ 𝑖 =ℎ 𝑖−1 +

𝐼 𝑖−1 +𝐼 𝑖 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛 (

)

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