Crown Trade Clean Extreme Mould Inhibiting Matt | EPD

Environmental Product Declarations report environmental data for the product and life cycle stages. Use the document to understand what has been assessed and which information is relevant to your project.

General Information

EPD Programme Operator

Applicable Product Category Rules

BRE Global Watford, Herts WD25 9XX United Kingdom

BRE Global Product Category Rules (PCR) for Type III environmental product declaration of construction products to EN 15804+A2 PN 514 Rev 3.0

Commissioner of LCA study

LCA consultant/Tool

Crown Paints Ltd Crown House Hollins Road Darwen BB3 0BG United Kingdom

Will Schreiber & Xana Villa Garcia 3Keel LLP 7 Fenlock Court Blenheim Business Park Long Hanborough Oxfordshire OX29 8LN

United Kingdom www.3keel.com

Declared Unit

Applicability/Coverage

1 m 2 coverage of substrate for one coat of paint

Product Average.

EPD Type

Background database

Cradle to Gate with options

Ecoinvent 3.7.1

Demonstration of Verification CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the core PCR a

Independent verification of the declaration and data according to EN ISO 14025:2010 ☐ Internal ☒ External (Where appropriate b ) Third party verifier: Nigel Jones

a: Product category rules b: Optional for business-to-business communication; mandatory for business-to-consumer communication (see EN ISO 14025:2010, 9.4)

Comparability

Environmental product declarations from different programmes may not be comparable if not compliant with EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. Comparability is further dependent on the specific product category rules, system boundaries and allocations, and background data sources. See Clause 5.3 of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 for further guidance.

Information modules covered

Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary

Use stage

Product

Construction

End-of-life

Related to the building

Related to the building fabric

A1 A2 A3

◻

🗹

Note: Ticks indicate the Information Modules declared.

Manufacturing site(s)

Crown Paints Ltd Sculcoates Lane Hull HU5 1RU United Kingdom

Construction Product

Product Description Clean Extreme Mould Inhibiting Scrubbable Matt offers a dual-purpose solution that is stain resistant and defends against mould growth. Formulated using advanced slow-release technology, suitable for interior walls and ceilings.

Technical Information

Property

Value, Unit

13.9 m 2 per litre

Spreading Rate

VOC content

2.47g per litre

Main Product Contents

Material/Chemical Input

Solvent/Water

20%-47%.

Pigment and Binder

43%-66%

Additives

3%-17%

Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process for paint involves combining and mixing multiple chemicals and materials into a single homogenous product. The product is them packaged and distributed to trade outlets.

Process flow diagram

Construction Installation

All surfaces must be sound, clean, suitably dry, and free from anything that will interfere with the adhesion of the materials to be applied.

Apply all products in accordance with BS 6150: Code of practice for painting of buildings and BS 8000: Part 12: Code of practice for decorative wall coverings and painting. Stir well before use. Apply by brush or medium roller.

Use Information

Module not declared.

End of Life Coatings are typically disposed of with the substrate they are painted on. Dried paint film is not currently recycled, the coating itself is unlikely to be separated from the substrate during disposal and they are treated together as construction waste. Most construction waste is first sent to recovery where it is sorted, the remainder is sent directly to landfill. Sorted waste is assumed to be sent to landfill rather than to incineration, because dry paint film is integrated with a mineral substrate (no energy content).

Life Cycle Assessment Calculation Rules

Declared unit description The Declared Unit (DU) is one square metre (m 2 ) coverage of substrate with one coat of paint. This is equivalent to 95.8 grams of Crown Trade Clean Extreme Mould Inhibiting Scrubbable Matt Emulsion. The results are weighted averages of all shades and sizes of paint analysed. System boundary The system boundaries of the product LCA follow the modular design defined by EN15804. This cradle-to- gate with options study includes the Product stage (A1 – A3), Transport stage (A4), Installation stage (A5), Dismantling (C1), End-of-life transport (C2), Waste Treatment (C3), Disposal (C4), and Benefits/loads beyond system boundary (D).

Data sources, quality and allocation Crown Paints primary data was used for all internal processes. The products included in the product group presented in this EPD are 902, 904, 906, Magnolia and White shades packaged in 2.5, and 5 litre containers. The different products were combined using production volumes to obtain a weighted average of impacts for all shades and pack sizes.

Production Volume

Product Name

Shade

902

17%

904

Crown Trade Clean Extreme Mould Inhibiting Scrubbable Matt Emulsion (EE)

906

Magnolia

White

74%

Data provided directly by Crown were collated under EN15084 guidelines to ensure cut-off criteria and other LCA requirements were met. Data were sense-checked against published data for similar products and other secondary sources. Data questions arising during the analysis were satisfactorily answered by technical experts at Crown.

Site wide, 2020 data were received for manufacturing and physically allocated, on a per litre basis, to the paint produced during the period.

Secondary characterisation and resource use factors were obtained from the Ecoinvent 3.7.1 database for life cycle modelling up and down the supply chain. Additional data used were as follows: ● Data from published EPD to estimate amounts of plastic sheeting used during paint application; ● Data from Plastics Europe to determine the impacts from polypropylene primary packaging; ● End of life reuse and disposal stream rates are listed on the basis of Crown knowledge and recent data from reliable sources; ● Substrate disposal reuse and disposal streams are made on the basis of UK construction industry recycling statistics from Defra´s UK Statistics on Waste (2015) Table 3.1: Recovery rate from non- hazardous Construction and demolition waste 2010-2012, and end-of-life scenarios from the PEFCR for Decorative Paints.

Overall, data received were technologically, temporally and geographically representative and of good quality.

Cut-off criteria

Cut off criteria are: 1% of the renewable and non-renewable energy usage 1% of the mass of the process under consideration. The total neglected flows shall be no more than: 5% of the energy usage 5% of the total mass.

Biogenic Carbon

The mass of biogenic carbon containing material in the product is less than 5% of the mass of the product and is omitted from this declaration.

The mass of biogenic carbon containing material in the packaging is less than 5% of the total mass of the packaging and is omitted from this declaration.

LCA Results The Declared Unit for this study was defined as “1m 2 coverage of s ubstrate with one coat of paint”. (MND = module not declared; INA = indicator not assessed) Parameters describing environmental impacts

GWP- biogenic

GWP- LULUC

EP - freshwater

GWP-total

GWP-fossil

ODP

kg CFC 11 eq

mol H + eq

kg P - eq

kg CO 2 eq

Raw material supply

2.22E-01

2.21E-01

6.61E-04

6.16E-04

3.71E-08

2.55E-03

7.47E-05

Transport

8.68E-03

2.82E-06

3.34E-06

1.87E-09

5.64E-05

6.34E-07

Product stage

Manufacturing

1.47E-03

8.35E-07

1.58E-06

1.18E-10

4.19E-06

2.47E-07

Total (of product stage)

A1-3

2.32E-01

2.31E-01

6.65E-04

6.21E-04

3.91E-08

2.61E-03

7.56E-05

Transport

5.26E-03

5.25E-03

1.75E-06

1.87E-06

1.14E-09

2.14E-05

4.04E-07

Construction process stage

Construction

1.69E-02

1.67E-02

2.65E-04

1.15E-05

4.26E-10

1.69E-06

2.94E-06

Use

MND

Maintenance

MND

Repair

MND

Use stage

Replacement

MND

Refurbishment

MND

Operational energy use Operational water use

MND

Deconstruction, demolition

0.00E+00

Transport

6.59E-04

6.58E-04

2.19E-07

2.35E-07

1.43E-10

2.68E-06

5.06E-08

End of life

Waste processing

9.87E-03

1.07E-06

2.85E-07

4.11E-10

9.61E-06

1.11E-07

Disposal

6.51E-05

6.50E-05

4.83E-08

1.67E-08

4.80E-11

8.92E-07

4.78E-09

Potential benefits and loads beyond

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

-1.11E-03

-1.76E-06

-9.37E-07

-7.67E-11

-4.59E-06

-4.71E-07

the system boundaries

GWP-total = Global warming potential, total; GWP-fossil = Global warming potential, fossil; GWP-biogenic = Global warming potential, biogenic; GWP-luluc = Global warming potential, land use and land use change;

ODP = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; AP = Acidification potential, accumulated exceedance; and EP-freshwater = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment

LCA Results (continued)

Parameters describing environmental impacts

ADP – mineral &metals

EP- terrestrial

ADP - fossil

EP- marine

POCP

WDP

MJ, net calorific value

m3 world eq deprived

kg NMVOC eq

disease incidence

kg N eq

mol N eq

kg Sb eq

Raw material supply

2.52E-04

2.21E-03

9.06E-04

1.80E-06

4.46E+00

3.13E-03

1.31E-08

Transport

1.56E-05

1.72E-04

4.92E-05

2.86E-08

1.28E-01

6.81E-06

5.68E-10

Product stage

Manufacturing

9.86E-07

1.06E-05

2.77E-06

1.20E-08

3.43E-02

4.42E-05

2.06E-11

Total (of product stage)

A1-3

2.69E-04

2.39E-03

9.58E-04

1.84E-06

4.62E+00

3.18E-03

1.37E-08

Transport

6.44E-06

7.01E-05

2.13E-05

1.83E-08

7.86E-02

4.37E-06

3.61E-10

Construction process stage

Construction

1.18E-05

1.16E-04

4.61E-05

8.74E-08

3.62E-01

3.66E-05

4.72E-10

Use

MND

Maintenance

MND

Repair

MND

Use stage

Replacement

MND

Refurbishment

MND

Operational energy use Operational water use

MND

Deconstruction, demolition

0.00E+00

Transport

8.07E-07

8.79E-06

2.67E-06

2.29E-09

9.85E-03

5.48E-07

4.52E-11

End of life

Waste processing

3.69E-06

4.03E-05

1.36E-05

3.69E-09

3.01E-02

2.58E-06

2.12E-10

Disposal

3.40E-07

3.73E-06

1.00E-06

1.41E-10

3.02E-03

8.33E-08

1.95E-11

Potential benefits and loads beyond

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

-1.25E-06

-1.04E-05

-3.92E-06

-9.06E-09

-1.80E-02

-3.14E-06

-7.45E-11

the system boundaries

EP-marine = Eutrophication potential, fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment; EP-terrestrial = Eutrophication potential, accumulated exceedance; POCP = Formation potential of tropospheric ozone;

ADP-mineral&metals = Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources; ADP-fossil = Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; WDP = Water (user) deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted

water consumption; and PM = Particulate matter.

LCA Results (continued)

Parameters describing environmental impacts

IRP

ETP -fw

HTP-c

HTP -nc

SQP

kgBq U 235 eq

CTUe

CTUh

dimensionless

Raw material supply

1.83E-02

1.12E+00

4.26E-08

4.06E-08

2.03E+00

Transport

5.85E-04

2.07E-02

1.75E-10

1.15E-09

1.17E-01

Product stage

Manufacturing

9.78E-04

9.19E-04

2.88E-11

1.64E-10

2.21E-02

Total (of product stage)

A1-3

1.99E-02

1.14E+00

4.28E-08

4.19E-08

2.17E+00

Transport

3.58E-04

1.34E-02

1.01E-10

7.47E-10

7.72E-02

Construction process stage

Construction

1.15E-03

1.11E-02

4.47E-10

1.01E-09

9.28E-02

Use

MND

Maintenance

MND

Repair

MND

Use stage

Replacement

MND

Refurbishment

MND

Operational energy use Operational water use

MND

Deconstruction, demolition

0.00E+00

Transport

4.49E-05

1.68E-03

1.27E-11

9.36E-11

9.67E-03

End of life

Waste processing

2.18E-04

3.23E-03

1.03E-10

1.33E-10

9.40E-02

Disposal

1.31E-05

5.25E-05

2.11E-12

3.53E-12

4.69E-03

Potential benefits and loads beyond

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

-1.73E-04

-1.44E-02

-1.37E-09

-2.62E-10

-8.25E-03

the system boundaries

IRP = Potential human exposure efficiency relative to U235; ETP-fw = Potential comparative toxic unit for ecosystems;

HTP-c = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; HTP-nc = Potential comparative toxic unit for humans; and SQP = Potential soil quality index.

LCA Results (continued)

Parameters describing resource use, primary energy

PERE

PERM

PERT

PENRE

PENRM

PENRT

Raw material supply

2.59E-01

1.37E-01

3.97E-01

4.41E+00

INA

4.41E+00

Transport

1.39E-03

2.79E-04

1.67E-03

1.34E-01

INA

1.34E-01

Product stage

Manufacturing

5.00E-03

1.40E-03

6.40E-03

3.45E-02

INA

3.45E-02

Total (of product stage)

A1-3

2.65E-01

1.39E-01

4.05E-01

4.58E+00

INA

4.58E+00

Transport

8.80E-04

1.77E-04

1.06E-03

8.22E-02

INA

8.22E-02

Construction process stage

Construction

1.29E-02

1.78E-03

1.47E-02

3.71E-01

INA

3.71E-01

Use

MND

Maintenance

MND

Repair

MND

Use stage

Replacement

MND

Refurbishment

MND

Operational energy use

MND

Operational water use

MND

Deconstruction, demolition

0.00E+00

INA

0.00E+00

Transport

1.10E-04

2.22E-05

1.32E-04

1.63E-03

INA

1.63E-03

End of life

Waste processing

1.58E-03

3.37E-04

1.94E-03

3.20E-02

INA

3.20E-02

Disposal

4.63E-05

5.74E-05

8.97E-05

3.25E-03

INA

3.25E-03

Potential benefits and loads beyond

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

-1.36E-03

-2.70E-04

-1.63E-03

-1.66E-02

INA

-1.66E-02

the system boundaries

PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources;

PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non- renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy resource

LCA Results (continued)

Parameters describing resource use, secondary materials and fuels, use of water

RSF

NRSF

MJ net calorific value

m 3

Raw material supply

INA

2.16E-01

Transport

INA

5.29E-04

Product stage

Manufacturing

INA

2.62E-04

Total (of product stage)

A1-3

INA

2.17E-01

Transport

INA

3.32E-04

Construction process stage

Construction

INA

1.67E-02

Use

MND

Maintenance

MND

Repair

MND

Use stage

Replacement

MND

Refurbishment

MND

Operational energy use Operational water use

MND

Deconstruction, demolition

INA

0.00E+00

Transport

INA

4.16E-05

End of life

Waste processing

INA

3.36E-01

Disposal

INA

5.25E-02

Potential benefits and loads beyond

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

INA

-4.43E-04

the system boundaries

SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels;

NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Net use of fresh water

LCA Results (continued)

Other environmental information describing waste categories

HWD

NHWD

RWD

Raw material supply

3.00E-06

9.06E-02

7.84E-06

Transport

3.16E-07

5.56E-03

8.36E-07

Product stage

Manufacturing

2.94E-08

9.74E-05

2.51E-07

Total (of product stage)

A1-3

3.35E-06

9.63E-02

8.93E-06

Transport

2.03E-07

3.66E-03

5.09E-07

Construction process stage

Construction

5.52E-06

4.79E-03

6.59E-07

Use

MND

Maintenance

MND

Repair

MND

Use stage

Replacement

MND

Refurbishment B5

MND

Operational energy use Operational water use Deconstructio n, demolition

MND

0.00E+00

Transport

2.55E-08

4.59E-04

6.38E-08

End of life

Waste processing

2.92E-05

2.63E-02

9.77E-06

Disposal

4.56E-06

4.10E-03

1.53E-06

Potential benefits and loads beyond

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

-3.64E-08

-4.49E-04

-5.60E-08

the system boundaries

HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; RWD = Radioactive waste disposed

LCA Results (continued)

Other environmental information describing output flows – at end of life

Biogenic carbon (product)

Biogenic carbon (packaging)

CRU

MFR

MER

MJ per energy carrier

kg C

Raw material supply

0.00E+00

INA

Transport

0.00E+00

INA

Product stage

Manufactur ing

0.00E+00

1.82E-03

1.39E-04

0.00E+00

INA

Total (of product stage)

A1 -3

0.00E+00

1.82E-03

1.39E-04

0.00E+00

INA

Transport

0.00E+00

INA

Constructio n process stage

Constructio n

0.00E+00

5.90E-04

4.89E-03

0.00E+00

INA

Use

MND

Maintenanc e

MND

Repair

MND

Replaceme nt Refurbishm ent Operational energy use Operational water use Deconstruc tion, demolition

Use stage

MND

0.00E+00

INA

Transport

0.00E+00

INA

End of life

Waste processing

0.00E+00

INA

Disposal

0.00E+00

INA

Potential benefits and loads beyond the system boundaries

Reuse, recovery, recycling potential

0.00E+00

INA

CRU = Components for reuse; MFR = Materials for recycling

MER = Materials for energy recovery; EE = Exported Energy

Scenarios and additional technical information

Scenario

Parameter

Units

Results

Transportation of product using an average weighted distance from the manufacturing site to all customers.

Litre of fuel type per distance or vehicle type

Heavy Duty Vehicle diesel

Fuel type / Vehicle type

A4 – Transport to the building site

Distance:

294-308

Capacity utilisation (incl. empty returns)

65-85%

kg/m 3

Bulk density of transported products

1,216

Application tools and residual paint and packaging during installation. No additional water or energy required.

g per m 2

Brush for application

0.20

g per m 2

Roller for application

31.15

A5 – Installation in the building

g per m 2

Dust sheet disposal from installation

1.61-1.62

Paint lost in spills and residue

Disposal of primary packaging 60% incinerated (soiled), 10% recycled (clean), 30% landfilled.

g per m 2

5.93-7.87

Disposal secondary packaging 50% incinerated, 50% landfilled

g per m 2

1.91-1.99

B2 – Maintenance

MND

B3 – Repair

MND

B4 – Replacement

MND

B5 – Refurbishment

MND

Reference service life B6 – Use of energy; B7 – Use of water

Highly variable service life linked to the use environment and decorative tastes

MND

Waste type and average distance travelled to waste disposal. C1 - considered immaterial (No additional materials, water or energy required.). Disposal paint on packaging residue 50% incinerated, 50% landfilled g per m 2

0.76-0.96

C1 to C4 End of life,

Disposal paint on wall 86.5% to recovery (sorting), then landfilled 13.5% directly to landfill

g per m 2

75.24-95.04

Waste transport

Incinerated material substitutes GB electricity and district/industrial heat. Recycled materials is assumed to substitute virgin material 1:1.

Module D

Summary, comments and additional information

Interpretation The majority of impacts associated with paint products relate to the materials that compose the paint itself (A1, Figure 1). This is expected and is consistent with other analyses of paint products whereby the actions of Crown Paints are the last of a supply chain of material production (i.e. energy inputs, raw materials use, processing). Crown Paints’ use of these materials is relatively small by comparison as the production site for these products only mixes existing materials into the final product. The most significant environmental impacts of Crown Paints’ products come from the use of titanium dioxide and china clay (pigment) and acrylic polymer (additive) as a raw material ingredients (Figure 2). These materials are used to create opacity and are used widely in all paint products. Depending on the colour of paint, the amount of titanium dioxide will vary and thus the range of impacts between shades can be significant. The variability of different pack sizes is negligible (Figure 3). It Is typical that titanium dioxide is the highest impact component of paint throughout its lifecycle as it has high impact intensity and can make up a high proportion of the paint formulation. All of the products assessed in this LCA have minimal impacts during the application stage of the product (A5, Figure 4). The majority of impacts occur in the application materials – such as drop sheets and rollers – and these impacts in reference to the functional unit of the study are quite small (Figure 1).

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

References

BSI. Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products. BS EN 15804:2012+A2:2019. London, BSI, 2020.

BSI. Environmental labels and declarations – Type III Environmental declarations – Principles and procedures. BS EN ISO 14025:2010. London, BSI, 2010.

BSI. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework. BS EN ISO 14040:2006. London, BSI, 2006.

BSI. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – requirements and guidelines. BS EN ISO 14044:2006. London, BSI, 2006.

CEPE, 2018. Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules PEFCR Decorative Paints – v1.0 – April 2018

Defra, 2015. Table 3.1: Recovery Rate from Non-Hazardous Construction and Demolition Waste, 2010-12. UK Statistics on Waste. Available from: https://data.gov.uk/dataset/uk_statistics_on_waste/resource/300234c7- aa3b-4f5a-8acc-b2b633751808 TNO for Plastics Europe, 2010. Pipe Extrusion. Weidema, B.P.; Bauer, Ch.; Hischier, R.; Mutel, Ch.; Nemecek, T.; Reinhard, J.; Vadenbo, C.O.; Wernet, G, 2013, The ecoinvent database: Overview and methodology, Data quality guideline for the ecoinvent database version 3, www.ecoinvent.org

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