ELASTICITY AND STRENGTH Typical Elastic Properties of Materials Machinery's Handbook, 31st Edition
391
Modulus of Elasticity
Shear Modulus
Bulk Modulus
Material
10 6 psi
GPa
10 6 psi
GPa
10 6 psi
GPa
Poisson’s Ratio
Aluminum, var. alloys Aluminum, 6061-T6 Aluminum, 2024-T4 Beryllium copper
9.9–10.3 68–71
3.7–3.9 26–27 9.9–10.2 68–70
0.330–0.334
10
70 73
3.8
26 28 48 41 37 45 40 19 26 76
… … … … … …
0.35 0.32 0.29
10.6
4 7 6
18
124 110 100 103 108
Brass, 70–30
15.9 14.5 14.9 15.6
15.7 16.8
108 116
0.331 0.357
Brass, cast
5.3 6.5 5.8 2.7 3.7
Bronze Copper
… …
0.14
17.9
123
0.355
Glass
6.7 9.7
46 67
… … … …
0.24 0.29
Glass ceramic (machinable)
Inconel
31
214
11
… … 0.27–0.38
Iron, cast
13.5–21.0 93–145 5.2–8.2 36–57 8.4–15.5 58–107 0.221–0.299
Iron, ductile Iron, gray cast Iron, malleable
23.8–25.2 164–174 9.1–9.6 63–66
… … 0.26–0.31 … … 0.211
14.5 23.6
100 163
6
41 64 13 17 17
9.3 1.9 2.4 2.5
17.2
119
0.271
Lead
5.3 6.5 6.3
37 45 43
… … … …
0.43 0.35
Magnesium
Magnesium alloy
4.8
33
0.281
Molybdenum Monel metal Nickel silver Nickel steel
48 25
331 172 128 207
17
117
… … 0.307
9.5
66 48 79 35 73 78 79
22.5
155
0.315
18.5
7
… … 0.322 … … 0.291
30
11.5
Phosphor bronze Stainless steel 18–8
13.8 27.6 28.5 29.5
95
5.1
16.3 23.6 20.2 23.1
112 163 139 159
0.359 0.305 0.265 0.287
190 197 203
10.6 11.3 11.5
Steel, cast
Steel, cold-rolled Steel, all others Titanium (99.0 Ti)
28.6–30.0 197–207 11.0–11.9 76–82 22.6–24.0 156–165 0.283–0.292
15–16
103–110
6.5 6.8
45 47
… … … …
0.24 0.32 0.33 0.33
Titanium (Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V)
18
124
Zinc, cast alloys
10.9–12.4 75–85
… … … … … … … …
Zinc, wrought alloys
6.2–14
43–97
Z-nickel 0.36 Data represent typical values, but material properties may vary widely, depending on exact composition, material condition, and processing. Symbol … indicates no data available. Average Ultimate Strength of Common Materials other than Metals 30 207 11 76 … …
Compression
Tension
Compression
Tension
Material
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
Material
psi
kPa
psi
kPa
Bricks, best hard Bricks, light red
12,000 82737 400 2758 Concrete, Portland
1,000 6895 200 1379 2,000 13790 400 2758 19,000 131000 700 4826
1,000 6895 40
276 Concrete, Portland, 1 year old
Brickwork, common 1,000 6895 50
345
Granite
Brickwork, best Cement, Portland, 1 month old Cement, Portland, 1 year old
2,000 13790 300 2068 Limestone and sandstone 9,000 62053 300 2068
2,000 13790 400 2758 Trap rock
20,000 137895 800 5516
3,000 20684 500 3447 Slate
14,000 96527 500 3447 39,000 268896 13,000 89632
Vulcanized fiber
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