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or pilasters. It consists of three parts: the lowest molded portion is the architrave; the middle band is the frieze; the uppermost element is the cornice. Escutcheon [es 'kuch 'ȯn] – A protective plate, sometimes decorated, surrounding, the keyhole of a door, a light switch, or similar device. Etched Glass – Glass whose surface has been cut away with a strong acid or by abrasive action into a decorative pattern. Extended Use – Any process that increases the useful life of an old building, e.g. adaptive use or continued use. Exterior End Chimney – A chimney located outside the walls of a house, usually against the gable end of a building. Fabric – The physical material of a building, structure, or city, connoting an interweaving of component parts. Facade [fa-säd] – The face or front of a building. Fanlight – A semicircular window, usually above a door or window, with radiating muntins suggesting a fan. Fascia [fāSH(ē)ə] – A flat board with a vertical face that forms the trim along the edge of a flat roof, or along the horizontal, or eave side of a pitched roof. The rain gutter is often mounted on it. Fluting – Shallow, concave grooves running vertically on the shaft of a column, pilaster or other surface. Federal Style – The style of architecture popular in America from the Revolution through the early 19th century (in North Carolina from about 1800-1840). The style is characterized by the use of delicate Classical ornament. Fenestration – The arrangement of windows and doors on a building. Finial – an ornament, usually turned on a lathe, placed on the apex of an architectural feature such as a gable, turret, or pediment. Flashing – A thin impervious material placed in construction to prevent water penetration, to provide water drainage, or both, especially between a roof and a wall. Flemish Bond – A method of laying brick wherein headers and stretchers alternate in each course and, vertically, headers are placed over stretchers to form a bond and give a distinctive cross pattern. Flush Siding – An exterior wall treatment consisting of closely fitted horizontal boards with joints that are carefully formed to be hidden and flush, giving a very uniform, flat siding appearance. Foot Candle – A unit of measuring light, calculated by dividing the lumens by the distance squared . Foundation – The supporting portion of a structure below the first-floor construction, or below grade, including footings. French Window – A long window reaching to the floor level and opening in two leaves like a pair of doors Fretwork – A geometrically meandering strap pattern; a type of ornament consisting of narrow fillet or band that is folded, crossed, and interlaced. Frieze [frēz] – The middle portion of a Classical entablature, located above the architrave and below the cornice. The term is usually used to describe the flat, horizontal board located above the weather- boards of most houses. Gable – The triangular portion of a wall formed or defined by the two sides of a double-sloping roof; often referred to as an “A” roof. Galvanize – To coat steel or iron with zinc, as, for example, by immersing it in a bath of molten zinc. Gambrel Roof – A gable roof more or less symmetrical, having four inclined surfaces, the pair meeting at the ridge having a shallower pitch. Georgian Style – The prevailing architectural style of the eighteenth century in Great Britain and the
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