Physician bias can also play a role . A 2022 Kaiser Family Foundation Women’s Health Survey found that among women ages 18-64 who had seen a healthcare provider in the past two years: • 29% reported that their doctor had dismissed their health concerns • 15% said the provider did not believe they were telling the truth • 19% said the doctor assumed something about them without asking • 13% said it was suggested they were personally to blame for their health problem 38 Ians aa dg ed iat ni odnr teop dr oi fdf eurcet ni vcee ss tiangde i as es aws ee l pl ar es spesnytcaht oi osno caina dl f pa chtyosri sc iraenl abt ieads ,t oo tgheenr df ae cr tmo rasy saul cs ho contribute to differences in diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for women with CVD. Ft eermp aa rl et sp, awt iheinc ht s i os fnmo ta tl eh ec acradsiea cf oprhpyasti icei annt ss ohfafveemwaol er scea roduitocloomg ies st st. h a n t h e i r m a l e c o u n - 39 Gender and sex interact to contribute discrepancies in the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for women with CVD. 40 GENDER AND SEX INTERACT, CONTRIBUTING TO DISCREPANCIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES FOR WOMEN WITH CVD. 39
SEX Menarche Reproductive endocrine disorders Pregancy complications CVD presentation Menopause
+ = GENDER Socialization of gender Personality traits Gender roles Caring responsibilities Psychosocial stress
INCREASES IN: Mortality Treatment delays Emergency response times
Interpersonal relationships Bias in medical treatment
Medical risk factors which impact women directly, e.g. diabetes
Reproductive Lifecycle and CVD Reproductive age (typically 15-49) Early first menstruation is associated with future obesity and metabolic syndrome and 15-30% higher risk of future CVD. 41 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects 10%–13% of women of reproductive age and can worsen CVD risk. 42 38 https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/issue-brief/womens-experiences-with-provider-communication-interactions-health-care-settings-findings-from-2022-kff- womens-health-survey/
39 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479531/ 40 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9399064/ 41 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319895 42 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001139
13
Made with FlippingBook Online newsletter maker