2018-Report to the Nation

Report to the Nation Mothers Against Drunk Driving®

NINA WALKER October 7, 1952- December 3, 2017

Grief brought Nina Walker to MADD, after losing her precious daughter Ginger in a drunk driving crash in 2001. MADD became a lifeline to Nina, and she became a leading voice for victims to help save others from the unbearable tragedies caused by drunk driving. Nina and her husband Gary had raised Ginger’s young son, Shaye, after Ginger was taken from them at age 22. Now grown, Shaye encouraged his grandmother to “go make a difference” in her work with MADD. It was a directive she welcomed and embraced — and a conversation she relayed proudly.

In November, Nina prepared to become MADD’s next National President with the same enthusiasm and passion she brought to her advocacy work in her home state of California and as a member of MADD’s National Board of Directors. Just as she was to officially assume the role, Nina died unexpectedly. Heartbroken by this loss, MADD dedicates this year’s Campaign report to Nina and to all victims of the 100 percent preventable crimes of drunk and drugged driving. We will be forever grateful to Nina and her family for dedicating their lives to saving others.

MADD’s Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving®

Nearly four decades after MADD’s founding, drunk driving remains the leading killer on our nation’s roadways. While drunk driving deaths have been cut in half since 1980, more than 10,000 people still lose their lives every year to this completely preventable crime. Even more troubling, drunk driving deaths increased in 2015 and 2016 after years of steady declines. The Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving is MADD’s blueprint for ending these senseless tragedies through a four-pronged approach: • Support law enforcement and high-visibility crackdowns • Pass laws requiring ignition interlocks for all drunk driving offenders • Advocate for advanced vehicle technology • Grow public support When MADD launched the Campaign in 2006, autonomous vehicle technology and the idea of driverless cars was not a household conversation. Yet MADD knew technology would be key to keeping drunk drivers off the road. Passing ignition interlock laws for all drunk driving offenders was, and still is, a top priority in every state. These in-car breathalyzers, when installed in the vehicles of drunk driving offenders, reduce repeat offenses by 67 percent. MADD will continue to advocate for all 50 states to pass laws requiring these devices for all offenders. In the future, exciting new advanced vehicle technologies hold the promise of preventing even a first drunk driving offense. MADD has been a key supporter of the Driver Alcohol Detection System, or DADSS, which MADD has helped advance since 2008. This passive technology uses touch-based and breath-based systems to detect alcohol levels and stop a vehicle from operating if the driver is drunk. Deployment of this technology needs to happen as soon as possible. We are hopeful that the technology will be piloted soon in Virginia. In addition to DADSS, fully autonomous vehicles have the potential to help completely eliminate drunk driving. MADD is working in partnership with the federal government, the auto industry and technology companies to advocate for safe development of this lifesaving technology. With 94 percent of all crashes caused by human error, fully autonomous technology has the potential to eliminate tragedies on our nation’s roadways. Until that day, there is still much work to do. In 2006, there were about 13,000 drunk driving deaths per year. Today, drunk driving deaths are down by 23.5 percent, and all four prongs of the Campaign have experienced tremendous success.

CAMPAIGN INITIATIVES

More High-Visibility Law Enforcement

Well-publicized sobriety checkpoints send a message to drivers that if they drink and drive, they will get caught. Yet, in recent years, as law enforcement funding has been reduced, some states have sought to limit or eliminate sobriety checkpoints. In Missouri, for example, funding for checkpoints was slashed to $1 in 2017 in favor of saturation patrols. Legislators argued that checkpoints were ineffective because their locations are shared on social media. While checkpoints are in place to remove drunk drivers from the roads, their deterrent value should not be underestimated. Studies show that sobriety checkpoints reduce drunk driving crashes by 20 percent. This is accomplished by making drivers think twice about drinking and driving, and by catching those who make the dangerous choice before they harm others. At a time when drunk driving fatalities are on the rise, sobriety checkpoints remain an essential countermeasure. Law enforcement should have every tool available to keep dangerous drunk drivers from wrecking the lives of others. MADD vigorously opposes any efforts to reduce or eliminate sobriety checkpoints. These, along with saturation patrols, are the most effective tools to help law enforcement immediately get drunk drivers off the road.

MADD joins the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration every year for the “Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over” campaign during two of the most deadly times of the year on our nation’s roadways — in mid-August, leading up to Labor Day weekend, and in mid-December through New Year’s Day. These initiatives publicize and support law enforcement efforts to keep roads safe during periods of increased traffic and holiday celebrations.

AT A TIME WHEN DRUNK DRIVING

FATALITIES ARE ON THE RISE, SOBRIETY CHECKPOINTS REMAIN AN ESSENTIAL COUNTERMEASURE.

Ignition Interlocks for All Convicted Drunk Drivers

Ignition interlocks are in-car breathalyzers that stop a vehicle from starting if the driver’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds a preset limit. This is the only technology currently available to block an impaired driver from driving. When the Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving® began, only one state, New Mexico, required interlocks for all convicted offenders. MADD is advocating vigorously in all 50 states to pass these laws. Today, 30 states and Washington, D.C. require interlocks for all drunk drivers, and every state has some type of ignition interlock law, including 30 states that require the devices for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test.

Numerous scientific studies support the use of ignition interlocks. A compilation of studies reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show a 67 percent reduction in recidivism when ignition interlocks are used. Another study by the University of Pennsylvania found that all-offender ignition interlock laws would reduce drunk driving deaths by 15 percent nationwide.

ALL-OFFENDER IGNITION INTERLOCK LAWS WOULD REDUCE DRUNK DRIVING DEATHS BY 15 PERCENT NATIONWIDE.

MADD has made it our top legislative priority to work with each state to enact the strongest possible ignition interlock laws. Those laws require ignition interlocks as the only option for driving after a drunk driving offense. The devices should be installed for a minimum of six months, and removal should be dependent upon successful use of an ignition interlock with additional time added for failed attempts to drive after consuming alcohol.

Ignition interlocks also should be required for suspected drunk driving offenders who refuse an alcohol test and during any administrative license revocation period.

Currently, nearly 350,000 ignition interlocks are in use across the country. With full implementation of ignition interlock laws, the number should easily grow to over 500,000. MADD is monitoring the courts and administrative processes to help states close loopholes and amplify the lifesaving results of requiring ignition interlocks for all offenders.

CAMPAIGN INITIATIVES

Advanced Vehicle Technology

Advanced vehicle technology holds the promise of eliminating drunk driving once and for all. Two exciting developments will help reach this goal: a passive alcohol detection system and

the eventual deployment of completely driverless vehicles. On June 14, 2017, MADD National President Colleen Sheehey- Church testified before the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee in support of autonomous vehicle technology as another way to combat drunk driving. During the testimony, MADD shared its vision for this technology. MADD supports the development of future automotive technologies including autonomous vehicles that could eventually eliminate drunk driving.

MADD SUPPORTS THE DEVOLOPMENT OF

FUTURE AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES THAT COULD EVENTUALLY ELIMINATE DRUNK DRIVING.

In the coming years, autonomous technology will replace the need for drivers to control their vehicles. This incredible innovation could be a game changer in behavioral traffic safety, because 94 percent of all traffic fatalities are caused by driver behavior. Almost all of these fatalities — especially those caused by impaired driving — are completely preventable. As key stakeholders, MADD is working with automakers, technology companies, suppliers and lawmakers to make sure that autonomous technologies are safe and available as soon as possible. MADD is proud to champion this effort and represent the millions of victims of drunk driving.

LEVELS OF VEHICLE AUTOMATION*

CURRENTLY AVAILABLE

IN DEVELOPMENT

NO AUTOMATION

DRIVER ASSISTANCE

PARTIAL AUTOMATION Vehicle has combined automated functions, like acceleration and steering, but the driver must remain engaged with the task at all times.

CONDITIONAL AUTOMATION Driver is a necessity, but not required to monitor the environment. The driver must be ready to take control of the vehicle at all times with notice.

HIGH AUTOMATION

FULL AUTOMATION

Zero autonomy; the driver performs all driving tasks.

Vehicle is contolled by the driver, but some driving assist features may be included in the vehicle design.

The vehicle is capable of performing all driving functions under certain conditions. The driver may have the option to control the vehicle.

Driver is not required. The vehicle is capable of performing all driving functions under all conditions. The driver may have the option to control the vehicle.

*Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Public Support The success of the Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving® would not be possible without the wave of public support behind it — starting with victims and volunteers who have helped pass lifesaving interlock laws in 30 states and Washington, D.C., support our law enforcement heroes, and create new and effective programs to stop drunk driving across the nation. Drunk driving is no longer acceptable, thanks to grassroot efforts that have reinforced that everyone has a responsibility to help eliminate drunk driving. In 1986, MADD helped promote the “designated driver” as a personal choice and critical alternative to driving drunk. Designating a driver is now part of the social conscience. Today, there is no excuse to drive drunk and risk lives on the roadways. With non-drinking designated drivers, taxis, public transportation and ride sharing apps, there’s no excuse to drive drunk. None of this would be possible without the commitment and dedication of victims and volunteers who changed public opinion about mixing alcohol and driving. In addition to the safe deployment of fully autonomous technology, it is critical to continue the development of the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (DADSS). Since 2008, MADD has proudly championed this cooperative agreement between the world’s leading automakers and the federal government. MADD’s advocacy has helped secure funding for development of touch-based and breath-based passive systems that will render vehicles inoperable if the driver is at or above the illegal limit of .08 percent blood alcohol concentration (BAC). In 2016, the Commonwealth of Virginia committed $20 million to the DADSS program. The commitment followed the 2015 global unveiling of the DADSS concept vehicle at a collaborative event sponsored by MADD, the auto industry, and the Department of Transportation held at DOT headquarters in Washington. Thanks to Virginia, there is now more than $70 million in total funding for the project. DADSS will be vital to eliminating drunk driving. DADSS technology must be expedited in order to eliminate drunk driving and stop preventable deaths. MADD hopes the next steps involve a pilot program to move the DADSS technology out of the lab and onto the streets where it can stop drunk drivers.

Plan ahead and designate a non-drinking driver. THE SAFEST CHOICE

APP

RATING THE STATES To measure the success of the Campaign to Eliminate Drunk Driving® , MADD rates every state on laws that expand the use of ignition interlocks by drunk driving offenders and support law enforcement efforts to stop drunk driving and protect the public. The five rating categories are:

• CHILD ENDANGERMENT • ALCOHOL TEST REFUSALS

• IGNITION INTERLOCKS • SOBRIETY CHECKPOINTS • ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION

Ignition Interlocks

MADD believes every drunk driver should use an ignition interlock for at least six months, starting with the first offense. The only option for driving after a drunk driving offense is with the device installed. The in-car breathalyzers prevent a vehicle from starting if the driver’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds the preset limit.

MADD awards a half star to states with “all-offender” ignition interlock laws. To receive a full star, all-offender states must have “compliance-based removal” of ignition interlocks — meaning attempts to drive drunk while using the device will result in additional time until no failures are recorded. • 30 states and the District of Columbia require ignition interlocks after the first offense • 20 states and DC have compliance-based removal as part of their lifesaving interlock laws

Note: In previous ratings, MADD gave credit to states that would have any penalty for circumvention attempts or other statutory penalties for non-compliance with an interlock order. However, MADD believes for a compliance-based removal law to work, an interlock user must prove compliance with the interlock device, meaning during the last three months while on the device there should be no recordable violations (trying to start the vehicle with a BAC of .08 or greater). These compliance-based removal laws help change behavior and reduce drunk driving recidivism. Additionally, nine of the 20 states without an all-offender ignition interlock law have qualifying compliance-based removal laws. However, MADD does not give these states credit in the report because these states do not have an all-offender interlock law.

Sobriety Checkpoints Frequent, well-publicized sobriety checkpoints save lives by catching drunk drivers already on the road and warning would-be drunk drivers to find another mode of transportation. Checkpoints reduce alcohol-related fatality and injury crashes by 20 percent.

MADD awards a half star to states that conduct sobriety check- points. To receive a full star, states must conduct sobriety check- points at least once a month. • 37 states and the District of Columbia conduct sobriety checkpoints • 32 states and DC strengthen checkpoint enforcement by conducting them at least once a month

Administrative License Revocation (ALR)

Administrative License Revocation, or ALR, is the immediate suspension of a driver’s license by law enforcement at the time of arrest or refusal for DUI. This critical law enforcement tool removes the immediate threat of a drunk driver harming innocent bystanders. MADD advocates for interlocks during ALR, because 50 to 75 percent of offenders continue to drive after losing their driving privileges. ALR allows for other administrative action, such as restricted driving privileges or an ignition interlock requirement, to protect the public while the offender awaits trial.

MADD awards a half star to states with ALR. To receive a full star, the states must also require an ignition interlock in order to drive during an ALR period. • 41 states and the District of Columbia immediately revoke driving privileges while the offender awaits trial • 11 states and DC allow for the use of interlocks after arrest or during an administrative license revocation period (prior to a criminal court conviction).

RATING THE STATES

Child Endangerment

Driving drunk with a child passenger is a form of child abuse that should be met with additional penalties. MADD recognizes New York’s Leandra’s Law as the nation’s model child endangerment law.

MADD awards a half star to states that impose misdemeanor charges for driving drunk with a child passenger. To receive a full star, states must treat this crime as a felony. • 47 states and the District of Columbia have additional penalties for driving drunk with a child passenger • Only 7 states treat this crime as a felony

Refusals

About 20 percent of suspected drunk drivers refuse a sobriety test, which leads to additional time and paperwork for law enforcement officers. This impedes efforts to remove drunk drivers and protect the public. Driving is a privilege, not a right and because of this, refusals should be treated the same as a failed sobriety test. Expedited warrants are needed for law enforcement to collect evidence to help prosecute drunk drivers.

MADD awards a half star to states that expedite warrants for alcohol tests after a refusal. Another half star is awarded to states that require an ignition interlock for refusing an alcohol test. • 34 states allow law enforcement the ability to expedite the warrant process for suspected drunk drivers who refuse • 33 states require an ignition interlock or criminalize refusals, eliminating the incentive for a suspected drunk driver to refuse a test

Strong laws require a strong voice.

Make your voice heard at madd.org/takeaction.

NATIONAL OVERVIEW

3.5 4.5 .

2.5 4.5 .

.5 4.5 0.

2 4.5 2

1.5 4.5 1.

4.5 4.5 4

3 4.5 4.

3 4.5 3.

4 4.5 4

3.5 4.5 .

3.5 4.5 4

5 4.5 54

4.5 4.5 .

NM 2 4.5 2

TX 2.5 4.5 2.

3 4.5

3.5 4.5 .

Each state receives a cumulative total measuring its successes in overall legislative measures and law enforcement support. This helps MADD see at a glance how quickly that state is progressing toward ending drunk driving.

3 4.5 3

3 4.5

3 4.5 3

2 4.5

2 4.5 2

4 4.5

2 4.5 2

1 4.5 1

1.5 4.5 1.

2.5 4.5

1.5 4.5 1.

2 4.5

3.5 4.5 .

2.5 4.5 .

3 4.5 3

4 4.5 4

3.5 4.5 3 .5

4 4.5

4.5 4.5 .

3.5 4.5 .

4.5 4.5 .5

4 4.5 3

2 4.5 2

3 4.5

3.5 4.5 .

2.5 4.5 .

3.5 4.5 3

3 4.5 3

3.5 4.5 .

4.5 4.5 4.

20 STATES HAVENOLAWS REQUIRINGAN INTERLOCK DEVICE FORALL CONVICTED DRUNKDRIVERS

2.5 4.5 .

STATE RATINGS An expanded view of Alabama is available to the right as a reference for interpreting the ratings.

Total

3.5

Alabama

Alaska

4.5

Arizona

Arkansas

3.5

California

Colorado

3.5

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

2.5

Florida

Georgia

3.5

Hawaii

1.5

Idaho

Illinois

3.5

Indiana

1.5

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

2.5

Louisiana

Maine

4.5

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

4.5

Mississippi

Missouri

All-offender interlock law

Sobriety Checkpoints

Automatic License Revocation (ALR)

Child Endangerment

No Refusal

Alabama

Law Present

Compliance based removal

Conducts Checkpoints

Done at least monthly

Law Present

Interlock Device upon first-time arrest

DUI Misdemeanor

DUI Felony

Expedited Warrants

Interlock Device and/or Criminalized Refusals

Total

0.5

Montana

Nebraska

4.5

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

2.5

North Dakota

2.5

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

2.5

Pennsylvania

1.5

Rhode Island

2.5

South Carolina

1.5

South Dakota

3.5

Tennessee

2.5

Texas

Utah

Vermont

3.5

Virgina

3.5

Washington

4.5

West Virgina

Wisconsin

1.5

Wyoming

2.92

Average State Rating

STATE OVERVIEW

ALABAMA

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

In 2014, Alabama became the 21st state to pass an all-offender ignition interlock law, expanding the use of ignition interlocks to all convicted drunk drivers, including first-time convicted drunk drivers with an illegal BAC of .08 or greater.

• Conduct sobriety checkpoints at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

ALASKA

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Alaska passed ignition interlock legislation for all convicted drunk drivers in January 2009.

• Strengthen interlock law by adding compliance- based removal • Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest

ARIZONA

4.5 4.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Arizona’s ignition interlock law requires convicted drunk drivers to use an ignition interlock (not wait out the interlock order) before obtaining unrestricted driving privileges. The first of its kind, this legislation passed in 2007 is one of the best in the country. As a result, drunk driving deaths in the state have decreased by 41.85 percent.

• Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Create an indigent program so low-income interlock users have access to these devices. This program should be paid for by interlock vendors or non-indigent interlock users. • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

ARKANSAS

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Arkansas has seen a 12.4 percent reduction in drunk driving fatalities since the 2009 law requiring ignition interlocks for all convicted offenders went into effect.

• Pass laws that allow for expedited warrants for suspected drunk driving offenders who refuse a test • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

CALIFORNIA

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

California launched an ignition interlock pilot program in 2010 requiring interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers in four counties - Alameda, Los Angeles, Sacramento, and Tulare - covering 13 million people. In 2016, the California legislature expanded the pilot program until January 2019, when an interlock law will take effect that incentivizes the use of interlocks for all drunk driving offenders.

• Pass a statewide all-offender ignition interlock law • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Require ignition interlocks for refusals

COLORADO

4.5 4

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Colorado has been successful in reducing drunk driving fatalities. The state highly incentivizes the use of ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers by allowing a shorter license suspension period for those who elect to go on an interlock immediately following a drunk driving conviction. Due in part to the state’s all-offender interlock law, drunk driving deaths have dropped by 14 percent.

• Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

CONNECTICUT

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Connecticut passed legislation in 2014 that greatly improved the state’s all-offender ignition interlock law. As a result, more than 6,500 first- time offenders who receive diversion in lieu of a first-time drunk driving conviction will now have to install ignition interlock devices. In 2016, Connecticut passed a child endangerment law, adding penalties for driving drunk with a child passenger.

• Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

DELAWARE

4.5 4

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Delaware enacted an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2014 making it the 24 th state to do so. Due in part to this law, drunk driving deaths have decreased by 29 percent.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Washington, D.C. passed an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2016.

• Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Pass laws that allow for expedited warrants for suspected drunk driving offenders who refuse a test and require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusals

FLORIDA

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Since 2008, Florida required interlocks for all repeat, first-time convicted drunk drivers with a BAC of .15 or greater, and in cases in of DUI child endangerment.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Pass a law requiring ignition interlocks or criminalizing refusal to submit to an alcohol test

GEORGIA

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Georgia updated its ignition interlock law in 2016 for the first time in 16 years, adding ignition interlocks as an option for first-time drunk driving offenders who refuse a test. Ignition interlocks continue to be required for repeat convicted drunk drivers.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Pass a law requiring ignition interlocks or criminalizing refusal to submit to an alcohol test

HAWAII

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Hawaii continues to be on the path to eliminating drunk driving. Since passing its ignition interlock law for all first-time convicted drunk drivers in 2011, the state has seen an increase in the number of interlocks installed. Due in part to the state’s 2011 interlock law, drunk driving deaths have dropped by 23 percent.

• Add a compliance-based removal requirement to the all-offender ignition interlock law • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test

IDAHO

4.5 1.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Idaho is one of the lowest-ranking states for its drunk driving laws.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

ILLINOIS

4.5 4

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Illinois was among one of the first states to enact its all-offender ignition interlock law. Since 2009, the state has seen a 12 percent reduction in drunk driving fatalities.

INDIANA

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Indiana passed legislation in 2014 to require ignition interlocks for repeat offenders and to allow a judge to order the devices for first-time offenders.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law • Pass a law requiring ignition interlocks or criminalizing refusal to submit to an alcohol test

IOWA

4.5 1.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Adoption of proven countermeasures, such as ignition interlocks for all offenders and high-visibility law enforcement activities, will make a significant impact to reduce drunk driving deaths in Iowa.

KANSAS

4.5 4

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Kansas lawmakers took action during the 2017 session to create a compliance-based removal component to the state’s all-offender interlock law. With this action, the state’s law is now permanent, and the number of drunk driving deaths have continued to decrease. Due in part to the state’s 2011 interlock law, drunk driving deaths have dropped by 30 percent.

KENTUCKY

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Kentucky strengthened its ignition interlock law in 2015, making the devices a requirement for all repeat offenders, those who refuse a chemical alcohol test and for first-time offenders with a blood alcohol concentration of .15 or greater.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Enact administrative license revocation • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test

LOUISIANA

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Louisiana is on the path to eliminating drunk driving. The state is reaping the benefits of passing an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2007. As a result of enforcement efforts and its mandatory interlock law, drunk driving deaths have decreased by 39.35 percent.

• Add compliance-based removal to existing all- offender ignition interlock law • Conduct sobriety checkpoints at least monthly • Enact administrative license revocation • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

MAINE

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Maine became the 20th state to enact an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2013.

• Add compliance-based removal to existing all- offender ignition interlock law • Conduct sobriety checkpoints at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

MARYLAND

4.5 4.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Maryland passed “Noah’s Law,” an all-offender ignition interlock law, in 2016. Named for Officer Noah Leotta, killed while on a DUI patrol in December 2015, “Noah’s Law” is a model ignition interlock law for the nation.

• Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Require interlocks in all plea agreements or reductions in drunk driving charges

MASSACHUSETTS

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Melanie’s Law, requiring ignition interlocks for all repeat convicted offenders in Massachusetts, went into effect in 2006. The state would see a greater decline in drunk driving fatalities if this law was expanded to include first- time convicted drunk drivers at a .08 BAC or greater.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

MICHIGAN

4.5 1

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Michigan is one of the lowest rated states in the nation. Lawmakers must take action to improve the drunk driving law.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law • Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test • Enact administrative license revocation

MINNESOTA

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Minnesota must strengthen the current drunk driving laws to require ignition interlocks for all convicted offenders with a BAC of .08 or greater and allow for sobriety checkpoints. MADD encourages lawmakers to act accordingly to protect the residents of Minnesota from drunk drivers.

MISSISSIPPI

4.5 4.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Mississippi became the 22nd state to pass an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2014 and continues to refine its program. MADD applauds Mississippi on its continued efforts to protect the public and for reducing drunk driving deaths by 39 percent since 2013.

• Require interlocks in all plea agreements or reductions in drunk driving charges • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

MISSOURI

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

The state became the 18th state to require ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers, effective in 2014. In 2017, the state took a seismic step backward by defunding lifesaving sobriety checkpoints.

• Bring back sobriety checkpoints (defunded 2017) and conduct at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

MONTANA

4.5 0.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Montana has done little to reduce drunk driving, starting on the first offense, since the enactment of a .08 BAC per se law in 2003.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Enact administrative license revocation • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Expedite warrants for refusing an alcohol test and require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusals

NEBRASKA

4.5 4

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Nebraska continues to see an increase in the number of interlocks installed and a decrease in the number of drunk driving fatalities since improvements to the state’s all-offender interlock law were made in 2011. MADD applauds Nebraska on its continued efforts to keep roads safe.

• Add compliance-based removal to existing all- offender ignition interlock law • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

NEVADA

4.5 4.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

In 2017, Nevada became the 30th state to enact an all-offender interlock law.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

New Hampshire improved its DUI law in 2014 to become the 23rd state to enact legislation to require ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers. The law, which took effect in January 2016, will result in a greater reduction in drunk driving fatalities.

• Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for refusing an alcohol test • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

NEW JERSEY

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

New Jersey has the opportunity to stop drunk driving. Legislation to expand Ricci’s Law to include all convicted drunk drivers with BAC of .08 or greater will help save lives.

NEW MEXICO

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

New Mexico enacted the country’s first all-offender interlock law in 2005, leading to a 25 percent reduction in drunk driving deaths. MADD applauds the recent efforts of the Governor to hold the court system and drunk drivers accountable for their actions. New Mexico remains a leader in the fight against drunk driving, but lawmakers must take continued action.

• Add compliance-based removal to existing all- offender ignition interlock law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

NEW YORK

4.5 4

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

New York’s Leandra’s Law is a model child endangerment law, making it a felony offense to drive drunk with a child passenger. In 2013 lawmakers made improvements to Leandra’s Law to increase the use of ignition interlocks. Since Leandra’s Law took effect, drunk driving deaths have decreased by 11 percent.

• Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

NORTH CAROLINA

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

North Carolina is to be commended for conducting sobriety checkpoints and employing no-refusal activities that include expedited warrants. The last time lawmakers in North Carolina took any significant action to curb drunk driving was in 2007 with the passage of the current limited interlock law.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

NORTH DAKOTA

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

North Dakota needs to take action to address all first-time convicted drunk drivers, not just repeat offenders.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Conduct sobriety checkpoints at least monthly. • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

OHIO

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Ohio passed Annie’s Law in 2016, expanding incentives for drunk driving offenders to choose an interlock in exchange for a reduction in their license suspension period.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

OKLAHOMA

4.5 54

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

In 2011, Oklahoma enacted a law requiring all first-time drunk drivers to install an interlock in order to drive during a 180-day administrative license revocation. MADD considers this law to be all-offender.

• Make sure the lifesaving 2017 interlock law is implemented and not weakened • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

OREGON

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Oregon passed a mandatory interlock law in 2007 and closed a loophole in 2011 to require ignition interlocks in DUI diversion agreements - covering about half of all DUI offenders.

• Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants when a suspected drunk driver refuses an alcohol test • Require an ignition interlock or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

PENNSYLVANIA

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Pennsylvania passed a law in 2016 that requires ignition interlocks for all drunk drivers with a blood alcohol concentration of .10 and above. This was a significant step for Pennsylvania that will increase the use of ignition interlocks.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law • Enact an administrative license revocation law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

RHODE ISLAND

4.5 1.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Rhode Island became the 28th state to pass an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2016.

• Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Enact an administrative license revocation law • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Expedite warrants for suspected drunk drivers who refuse an alcohol test • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

SOUTH CAROLINA

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Emma’s Law passed in 2014 after a long battle to pass first-time offender ignition interlock legislation in South Carolina. Named after 6-year-old Emma Longstreet, who was killed by a drunk driver, the new law expands the punishment for all convicted drunk drivers, including first-time offenders, with a BAC above .15.

• Enact an all-offender interlock law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

SOUTH DAKOTA

4.5 1.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

South Dakota is one of the lowest rated states for its drunk driving laws. In 2011, a law was passed allowing for the use of ignition interlocks started in conjunction with the state’s 24/7 program. This move limits the use of interlocks to repeat and first-time offenders with a BAC of .17 or greater.

• Pass an all-offender ignition interlock law with compliance-based removal • Enact an administrative license revocation law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Require ignition interlocks for refusing an alcohol test

TENNESSEE

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Tennessee’s all-offender ignition interlock law went into effect in 2013. This move, coupled with the use of no-refusal enforcement activities, has helped reduce drunk driving deaths by 22 percent.

• Enact an administrative license revocation law • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony

TEXAS

4.5 2.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Texas became the 25th state to pass an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2015.

• Add compliance-based removal to existing all- offender ignition interlock law • Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

UTAH

4.5 3. 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

In 2009, Utah enacted an all-offender interlock law. The state must make an improvement to the interlock law to better incentivize more drunk drivers to use an interlock.

VERMONT

4.5 3

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Vermont became the 27th state with a mandatory all-offender ignition interlock law in 2016.

• Conduct sobriety checkpoints at least monthly • Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Pass laws that allow for expedited warrants for suspected drunk driving offenders who refuse a test

VIRGINIA

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Virginia enacted a law requiring ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers in 2012. Within a year, interlock installations had increased to over 8,500. Since 2011, drunk driving deaths dropped by 3.5 percent in Virginia, while nationally drunk driving deaths increased by 6.41 percent.

• Make ignition interlocks available to first-time offenders upon arrest • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Require ignition interlocks or criminalize refusing an alcohol test

WASHINGTON

4.5 3.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Washington passed an all-offender ignition interlock law in 2009. Due in part to the all-offender interlock law and improvements made to the law since 2009, drunk driving deaths have dropped by 12 percent.

• Legalize sobriety checkpoints and ensure they are conducted at least monthly • Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

WEST VIRGINIA

4.5 4.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

West Virginia is on the path to eliminate drunk driving and one of the highest rated states for its laws. Due in part to the 2008 all-offender ignition interlock law, drunk driving deaths have dropped by 52.11 percent in West Virginia. MADD applauds this state for its continued efforts to keep roads safe.

• Enact a law making child endangerment a felony • Advertise the ignition interlock law during twice yearly federally funded crackdowns on drunk driving (Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over)

WISCONSIN

4.5 2

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Wisconsin is the only state in the nation where a first-time drunk driving offense is not a crime; rather it’s just a traffic ticket. In 2009, the state made improvements to its DUI law by requiring ignition interlocks for first-time convicted drunk drivers with a BAC of .15 or greater.

WYOMING

4.5 1.

STATE SNAPSHOT

WAYS TO IMPROVE

Wyoming lawmakers closed loopholes in the state’s ignition interlock law in 2011. However, much more must be done to protect the public.

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