Contents
Page Lesson
4 5 6 7 9
Materials
Teaching Simply
Welcome to the Medieval World Video #1 Paper Loom Weave
1
2
People on the Move Brooch in the Shape of a Bird
Early Medieval
13
3
Art in Monasteries
Medieval Illumination
Carpet Page from Lindisfarne Gospels
17
4
Art in Basilicas Theotokos Mosaic
Byzantine Mosaics
20 5
Video #2 Panel Drawing
21
6
Art to Instruct
Gothic Panel Painting
Saint Francis with Scenes from his Life
25
7
Art in Churches
Romanesque Altarpiece
Saint Martin Sharing his Cloak
30 8
Video #3 Stitching
31
9
Art on Fabric
Medieval Textiles
The Norman Fleet Lands at Pevensey Video #4 Straw Loom Weave
35 36
10 11
Art in Castles Medieval Tapestry The Devonshire Hunting Tapestry - Boar and Bear Hunt
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12
Video #5 Book Binding
40 13
Art in the Bestiary
Book Illumination
English Bestiary
43 45
14 15
Video #6 Low-Relief Art on Book Covers
Treasure Binding
Missal with Virgin and Child, Evangelists and Saints
50 16
The Icon
Eastern Orthodox Iconography
Icon of Saint George Art in Windows
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17
Gothic Glass
Chartres: Northern Rose Window
58
18
Art on Buildings
Gothic Architecture
The Kings, Notre Dame de Paris
62 63
Objectives Bibliography
3
Materials
The art materials used throughout this book are listed below. Having these items on hand will simplify the preparation for each art class. You can conveniently pull required materials from your stock as needed according to the list in each lesson. Keep in mind that items listed under STARTER PACK MATERIALS were used in volume one of this series and may already be in your stock. ART MATERIALS Gesso, small bottle Gold acrylic paint, 2 oz. Tissue paper (assorted colors) Sculpey ® , white, 2oz. Flat watercolor brush, ½ inch HOUSEHOLD ITEMS Scotch ® tape Heavy weight foil Paper towels
Container for water Four drinking straws Yarn, assorted colors ¼ yard of burlap, cut 9 � x 12� ** *Chipboard can be purchased or cut from cereal boxes and other lightweight food container boxes. ** Each ¼ yard of cloth will make four pieces. Two pieces are needed for each child.
Mod Podge ® , matte finish Small tip squeeze bottle Plastic sewing needle, large Bristle brush, 1 inch Lightweight chipboard* Gold origami paper
STARTER PACK MATERIALS
Watercolor crayons Oil pastel set Scissors Watercolor brush, round #8 Watercolor paper Construction paper Eraser Ebony ® pencil Elmer’s ® Glue-All Glue stick
4
Welcome to the Medieval World
Knights, monks, castles, and churches will all be introduced in this period following the Classical art of the Roman Empire. It is called by many names: the Middle Ages, the Dark Ages, the Medieval Period, or the Age of Faith. It’s no wonder that people have trouble naming this glorious and difficult thousand years. This is an age of conflict; a long time of nation invading nation until there was little left of art, literature, or societal structure. It is remarkable that even a few men, claiming that they had understood the nature of God, built entirely new forms of communication through the earthly materials of stone, wood, and glass. Messages of hope were prevalent in the art of this age. You will encounter messages of good-deeds and courageous acts that were carried out by Roman soldiers, monks, and others who sought to bring light to a very dark world. Let’s begin our journey through the Middle Ages. -Brenda Ellis In this period of European history, the West is centered in Rome. The East is centered in Constantinople, now called Istanbul.
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Paper Loom Weave
Lesson 1 Video #1
Gather construction paper, gold origami paper, colored tissue paper, scissors, Elmer’s ® Glue-All, and a pencil.
Weave with a paper loom by following these steps.
1. View Video #1 to see how to cut, weave, and paste paper strips on a paper loom. If weaving is a new process for you, complete only the paper loom weave today. 2. Determine if you will move on to the paper crown project in the same period or at a later time. The paper crown project shows various processes for working with paper. These processes will be used in future lessons. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas.
7
People on the Move
Lesson 2
Early Medieval
In the first half of the first millennium AD, people moved in large numbers from one place to another. This time is called the Migration into all of Western Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Rome was later invaded by the Huns from the East and the Germanic tribes from the North. Even though some art was made, it did not survive for Period. Roman armies moved long. Materials for art and metal work were scarce and that made them valuable. When the art was not destroyed in battle, conquering armies melted it
down or took it apart to be made into something new. As the battles continued, during the Middle Ages, a new kind of art began to be made. People remembered the kinds of artworks that Romans had created in the past. They added Germanic designs passed down from their ancestors. They used these materials and designs to explain the ideas of a new faith that rose out of Judaism and the life of Jesus Christ. Three very different cultures, Romans, Germanic tribes, and Christians, had all clashed as they came together. Yet, when united in art, they produced forms that were described by the people of their time as “pictures of heaven.”
9
Brooch in the Shape of a Bird, AD 500-600 Vendel Migration Period
Metal work was important to people on the move. Bronze helmets and weapons meant strength to those who wore them. Metals obtained in war could be melted down and reshaped on the field with fire and a hammer. A chieftain might carry a bronze dagger or fasten his cloak with a large brooch like the one above. Germanic tribes loved patterns. They wove one piece over and under another. This brooch was made of metal during the Migration Period. Look at the way the wing of the bird goes over the body and then under the tail. The metal worker curved the bird’s head so that its bill touches what other part of the bird? Where has the metal worker used stamps to repeat a design or to make a pattern? Which pattern looks like stitching?
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YOU WEAVE BEASTS
STUDENT GALLERY Felicity age 6
Gather construction paper in two colors, scissors, a pencil, watercolor crayons, and a glue stick.
In the Middle Ages, strange ceatures were painted. Their
limbs and tails wove in and out of a tangled design. It is your turn to make up two strange
creatures and weave them together. Select two colors of construction paper. Fold each sheet into thirds and cut on the folds to make six pieces. (1) Make three cuts into the bottom part of one piece in each color. (2) Weave the two pieces together. Glue to hold. (3) Draw and cut out heads for the creatures. Glue them to the bodies. Color the heads and bodies with crayons. Cut out tails, feet, or wings from the remaining pieces. Use your imagination just like a medieval artist.
2
3
1
11
Stitching
Lesson 8 Video #3
Gather burlap fabric, chipboard, scissors, pencil, plastic needle, yarn of various colors, tape, and glue.
To make art with stitches, you will need drying time after preparing a chipboard frame. Follow these steps. 1. Select an object for your art. You might choose an animal or a person dressed in medieval clothing. 2. View Video #3 to see how to make a picture using stitches. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas.
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Art on Fabric
Lesson 9
Medieval Textiles
PREP NOTES FOR LESSON 9 You and your child might enjoy watching The Animated Bayeux Tapestry-You Tube. Always preview it first. You can stop at “William prepares for Battle” if you don’t want to view the battle scenes. www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtGoBZ4D4_E Before beginning this project, you or your child must prepare a chipboard frame as shown in Video #3. Allow the frame to dry completely. Heat setting locks the color into the fabric and prevents smearing. Use an iron to heat set the oil pastel picture once it is finished. Place the picture color side up on a safe surface. Place a sheet of copy paper on top. Set the iron at medium heat. When hot, move the iron over the paper for one or two minutes. Allow the frame to cool. Life in the Middle Ages lacked a lot of things that we have today. Wealthy people had horses. Those who did not, walked everywhere that they wanted to go. Homes had little furniture, no books, and possibly a single cup that was used by the whole
family. In this environment, fabric was highly valued. People typically owned one set of plain clothing. At this time, people with wealth began decorating cloth by sewing stitches into it that made pictures. A medieval person’s reaction to a piece of decorated fabric was one of complete awe. They saw signs of wealth. A cloak with a black lion on a red background spoke to them of their ruler. When they looked upon red robes and gold embroidered sashes, they saw symbols of those that had spiritual power. Cloth was so rare that in Northern Europe it was used for money, to buy other objects. Men might cut a chunk of cloth out of their bag to use as payment for cattle.
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From start to finish, it was women who oversaw all textile work. Embroidery, like you see here, was the most costly way of decorating cloth in the medieval period. Imagine women, protected by castle walls, sewing a record of history. The Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidered cloth that stretches to nearly the length of a football field. Into this huge length of fabric is stitched the events that happened from 1065 to 1066 when the Normans traveled in boats to make war with England. The center strip shows the action of the story. A lower strip shows creatures encountered on the journey, both real and imagined. This huge cloth was the treasured item of a conquering King. The Norman Fleet Lands at Pevensey, 1066 Canterbury, England
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What animals do you see in the lower stripof this section?What animals are imagined? What animals are real?
What animals do you see in the top strip? Can you see birds?
What are some of the activities of the men in the boats? Do they travel with horses? Where are the men who have mounted their horses and ride off to battle? Can you see their mail armour, swords, and shields?
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YOU STITCH
STUDENT GALLERY Antoine age 9
Gather oil pastels, burlap fabric, chipboard frame, scissors, glue, yarn, and a plastic needle.
Make a picture that tells of a past event in your life. Have you taken a trip, moved into a new home, or celebrated a birthday? The picture can tell the story so that the event can be remembered. Use oil pastels and stitching.
Color a picture onto the burlap fabric with oil pastels. An adult will set the color with an iron. Thread the needle. Tie a knot in the back of the picture. Sew a straight stitch around the frame. Push the needle up near the frame’s edge and loop the yarn around the frame.
34
Low-Relief
Lesson 14 Video #6
Gather a sheet of chipboard, Elmer’s ® Glue-All, a pencil, gesso, a ½ inch flat brush, and watercolor crayons.
To make a low-relief with glue, follow these steps. 1. Select a picture of an animal that you want to use for a shield design. You may want to do a study of different types of designs for shields of the medieval period. 2. View Video #6 to see how to make a low relief picture. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas. You can refer to this demonstration for review anytime a project uses lines that stand away from the surface.
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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of objectives is not to inhibit or restrain creativity in any way, but to ensure that the activity is focused clearly enough that both student and teacher know what is to be learned in the lesson. When objectives are met, your child is learning, without regard to the skill level or outcome of the art being produced. Lesson 1: The student will be able to use a scissors to make cutouts by folding the paper. The student will be able to weave paper in an under/over pattern. Lesson 2: The student will demonstrate his or her ability to weave paper, cut paper to make shapes, and glue paper to make an original artwork featuring two animal heads woven together to create their own Germanic-type of design. Lesson 3: The student will demonstrate his or her abilities in drawing the shape of the initial in their first name, and then illustrate their ideas about themselves or their interests. The student may use both imaginative and realistic imagery and decoration as they draw, cut, and paste. Lesson 4: The student will create a mosaic from pieces of paper and demonstrate his or her ability to select and assemble colors to make an image of a person. Lesson 5: The student will illustrate a bird while demonstrating the use of outline and filling in spaces with color using crayons on a tissue paper covered panel. Lesson 6: The student will imagine a moment when they tell good news to someone else. The panel relief method will be used to show descriptive elements through objects, colors, or symbols that describe the event. Lesson 7: The student will create a paper collage while demonstrating his or her ability to draw, cut, arrange, and glue shapes to make a whole picture. Lesson 8: The student will demonstrate the use of the running stitch, the straight stitch, and tying a beginning and ending knot while using yarn and a needle on burlap. Lesson 9: The student will describe a past event in the world or in their own lives and make a work of art with oil pastels and stitching.
Lesson 10: The student will produce a sample of weaving with yarn using a straw loom.
Lesson 11: The student will make a watercolor painting and weave a border using paper and yarn.
Lesson 12: The student will demonstrate his or her knowledge of the four parts of a story while creating an original story on paper. The student creates front and back cover pages and stitches them together with the book pages using the book binding stitch.
Lesson 13: The student will draw a picture of an animal from a verbal description by another
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