Contents
Page Lesson 4
Materials
5 6 7 9
Teaching Simply
Welcome to the Ancient World
1
Video #1 Soft Pastels
2
Art in Caves
European Cave Drawings
Bull and Horse: Cave Painting
12 13
3 4
Video #2 Clay: Slab Building
Art Underground
Near-Eastern Clay Works
Human Statue
17
5
Art in Minoan Palaces
Minoan Fresco Painting
Bull Jumping
21
6
Art in Pyramids
Egyptian Murals
Harvesting and Pressing Grapes
25
7
Art in Egyptian Palaces
Egyptian Wall Painting
A Garden Pool
29 8
Art on City Walls
Near Eastern Relief
Royal Lion Hunt
33
9
Art on Temples
Greek Pillars
Porch of the Caryatids
36 37
10 11
Video #3 Clay: Pinch Method Video #4 Clay: Pinch Pot
Greek Pottery
Cadmus Killing the Dragon
41
12
Art in Tombs
Etruscan Wall Painting
Flutist Entertaining the Banqueters
44 13
Video #5 Clay: Animal Figure Roman Sculpture Emperor Marcus Aurelius
47
14
Art on Roadsides
Roman Carvings
Stone Cutter
51
15
Art on Mummies
Roman Portrait Paintings
Funerary Portrait of a Young Woman
54 55
16 17
Video #6 Paper Mosaic Art Preserved in Ash
Roman Mosaics
Submarine Fauna
58
18
Art in Catacombs
Roman Early Christian Painting
Three Youths in the Fiery Furnace
61 63
Objectives Bibliography
3
Materials
The art materials used throughout this book are listed below. Having these items on hand will simplify the preparation for each art class. You can conveniently pull required materials from your stock as needed according to the list in each lesson. Keep in mind that items listed under STARTER PACK MATERIALS were used in volume one of this series and may already be in your stock. ART MATERIALS HOUSEHOLD ITEMS
Paper towels Container for water Hairspray Roll of brown packaging paper Rolling pin or dowel Four inch paper tube Plastic knife Crayola ® sidewalk chalk (optional) 24-inch square canvas cloth Masking tape Six paint stir sticks or two wood slats 3/8 ” thick.
*Hard or soft pastel set 5 lb. gray self-hardening clay Wire clay cutter
STARTER PACK MATERIALS
Watercolor crayons Oil pastels Ebony ® pencil Vinyl eraser Watercolor brush, #8 round Watercolor paper pad
Drawing paper pad Construction paper Scissors Elmer’s ® Glue-All Glue stick
*NuPastel ® by Prismacolor ® recommended
4
Welcome to the Ancient World
You probably know that a picture on a wall is art. In this book, we take a look at art that is found in places beyond a wall. The lessons will expand your ideas about what art is and where we find it. Join me on this journey through the ancient world to see some of the oldest art that we know about. You will look at art in caves, pyramids, catacombs, and more. You will discover that art was made for many reasons and purposes, but it always expresses the ideas that the people believed were important. Even though the ideas are from long ago, you’ll find that you share interests and see similar things in the world around you today. You will make art that expresses your own ideas about the world you live in. In that way, you share the experiences of each ancient culture. Your host, Ariel, will join me in each video lesson, as we show you how to use the art materials with ease. Let’s create as we go on a trip through the ancient world to find art. - Brenda Ellis Our ancient art study will focus on cultures that developed along the water sources that flowed into and included the Mediterranean Sea. Although cultures existed in China, India, and other parts of the world, they are beyond the scope of this book.
6
Soft Pastels
Lesson 1 Video #1
Gather pastels, construction paper, a tissue, and hairspray.
To start a picture using soft pastels, follow these steps.
1. Select a picture or toy model of something with wheels.
2. View Video #1 to see how to make a picture using soft pastels. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas.
7
Have you ever dreamed ofmaking a great discovery? InFrance, four boys discovered some of the oldest art known to the world. As Marcel, Jacques, Georges, and Simon romped through the countryside with their dog, Robot, suddenly the dog disappeared. The boys called for him, but they could not see Robot anywhere. They searched and found a deep hole that was hidden by bushes. They descended into the darkness with only some matches to light the way. At the bottom of the pit, Robot greeted the boys wildly! In the darkness, the boys saw faces of wild bulls. The next day they returned with more lights and went down into the 50-foot hole, which became known as the Lascaux Cave. There they saw oxen, horses, and deer drawn in motion on the walls and ceilings of the cave. The four boys in our story were not the only children to discover drawings in caves. Many accounts of discovering cave art tell of children who saw the images first, as parents were exploring other parts of the caves (Casteret). Cave art is found throughout the world. We see human figures, animals, tools, maps, and hands in caves. Animals found in cave art include extinct ones: cave lions, saber-toothed tigers, mammoths, and horned buffalo. Pictures also include animals we are more familiar with: horses, bears, bison, reindeer, wild boars, fish, and birds. Art in Caves European Cave Drawings Lesson 2
9
Bull and Horse: Cave Painting Ancient France
Cave art is painted onto the walls of underground chambers. Caves protect the art from wind, rain, and natural erosion. That is why we can still see it today. Pictures of animals are shown with lines. Other animals are filled in with earth colors. The colors came from nearby rocks and minerals. The animals shown below are part of a large group of running bulls, prancing horses, and roaming stags that are painted high on the wall of a cavern in France. Can you see the outline of a bull with long horns? When you look at its legs, does the animal seem to be moving or standing still? Look at the horse in red. You can see the tail and back legs well. What do you notice about the size of the horse and bull?
10
YOU MAKE CAVE ART
STUDENT GALLERY Amanda age 6
You can make a cave picture using the wrinkles in a piece of paper to represent the rough surface of a cave wall.
Gather soft pastels in earth colors, brown paper 7 ” x 10 ” , a plastic knife, black construction paper 9 ” x 12 ” , glue, and hairspray.
1. Tear a piece of brownpaper so that it is smaller than the black construction paper sheet. Wrinkle the brown paper by pressing it into a loose ball. Carefully flatten it out.
2. Supporting a pastel with your finger, scrape powder off the stick with a plastic knife. Rub the color into the paper with your finger to make the wrinkles more noticeable.
3. Draw an animal. Fill in the spaces with colors and pattern. Spray the picture with hairspray when finished.
4. Draw a pattern on black paper. Spray withhairspray.Gluethebackof thepicture and attach it to the black background.
11
Gather twelve ounces of self-hardening clay, wire clay cutter, canvas cloth, and masking tape. Clay: Pinch Method Lesson 10 Video #3
To make a figure using the pinch method, follow these steps.
1. Select an animal that can sit.
2. View Video #3 to see how to make pots and animals using the pinch method in clay. Your art project will be unique as you apply the methods shown in the video to your own ideas.
36
Art on Pots
Lesson 11 Video #4
Greek Pottery
PREP NOTES FOR LESSON 11 Prepare the table for working in clay. In this lesson, you will read the text and then view Video #4 with your child, followed by the project.
Greek painters focused on the people of Greece and their activities. They painted people doing many of the same types of things that we enjoy today. Women play music. Men play physical sports, table games, and ride horses. Since the Greeks lived by the Mediterranean Sea, they were fond of drawing men in ships. They also painted the stories of the Greek gods and heroes that they worshiped and honored. Many scenes from these stories are found on pottery. The first pots showed black figures on
the red clay. This is now called the black-figure style. Since ancient artists often painted the men in red, the Greeks later reversed the figure and ground. They painted the background black and left the red clay to represent the figure. Their figures showed red skin instead of black. This is now called the red-figure style. A milky white paint was used to highlight parts of the paintings in both styles.
37
Cadmus Killing the Dragon, 400 BC Ancient Greece
Look at art on pots. This image is painted in the center of a seven-inch bowl. The picture tells the Greek story of Cadmus, a Phoenician who traveled to Greece in search of his missing sister. On his journey, a serpent-dragon killed his men as they gathered water at a well. Cadmus killed the serpent. He was a fighter and an educated man. Cadmus taught the first alphabetic writing to the Greeks, which he had brought from Phoenicia. Howmany birds do you see? What kind of creature is hiding among the flowers? Can you point out the creatures that are a threat to the birds? Greek architecture (buildings) had pillars. Can you find a Greek pillar? What image is seen on the warrior’s shield?
38
YOU MAKE A CLAY PINCH POT
STUDENT GALLERY John age 6
Gather twelve ounces of air-dry clay, canvas cloth, masking tape, and wire clay cutter.
To make a pinch pot, follow these steps.
1. Look at the shapes of the pots and vessels in your kitchen. 2. View Video #4 to see how to make a pot using the pinch method in clay. Your art project will follow the demonstration on the filmed instruction.
39
Objectives
The purpose of objectives is not to inhibit or restrain creativity in any way, but to ensure that the activity is focused clearly enough that both student and teacher know what is to be learned in the lesson. When objectives are met, your child is learning, without regard to the skill level or outcome of the art being produced! Lesson 1: The student will be able to draw with soft pastels using two sides of different widths and the corner to obtain variation of lines. The student will demonstrate rubbing to make blended areas within their artwork. Lesson 2: The student will demonstrate his or her understanding of the rough surface of a cave wall by wrinkling the paper before drawing an animal of their choice onto the paper with soft pastels in earth tone colors. Lesson 3: The student will decide on a sport or hobby that they enjoy also depicting the equip- ment and costume associated with that sport. The student will execute a two-dimensional sport figure in clay using the slab method. Lesson 4: The student will create a three-dimensional simplified figure using a paper towel armature to demonstrate their understanding of ancient figures found at Jericho. Lesson 5: The student will demonstrate the use of white lines on black paper to make an animal figure with soft pastels. Lesson 6: The student will use oil pastels or soft pastels and a large sheet of paper in an upright position to illustrate their understanding of the method of working on a wall as described in the Egyptian art segment. The student will choose to draw a scene of daily activities of his own life or of the Egyptian culture. Lesson 7: The student will demonstrate their understanding of creating a work of art for a floor or wall, by either working with sidewalk chalk on a pavement surface or working with soft pastels on a sheet of paper. The student will draw a picture of birds, fish, or other creatures that might be found in a garden with pool. Lesson 8: The student will demonstrate the ability to roll a slab and create a low-relief by press- ing into the clay. Lesson 9: The student will demonstrate his or her knowledge of the human figure as a Greek pillar in a three-dimensional standing paper form. Lesson 10: The student will demonstrate his or her ability to create an animal-like form using the pinch method.
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