يتناول الكتاب تعقيدات مشكلة دارفور، ليضع المشكل السوداني الأساسي في أبعاده الكاملة ويتصدى لجوهر الأزمة ويبحث في أسبابها الحقيقية. ويضع المشكل ضمن سياق المشكل السوداني الأساسي، مركزًا على أهمية فهم طبيعة المجتمع السوداني وتركيبته، وهيكل القوى وعلاقته بالتركيبة الاجتماعية، ودور النخبة السياسية.
1430
2009
978-9953-87-654-2
: 4930181 4930183 4930218 ) 974 (+ : 4831346 ) 974 (+
: E-mail: jcforstudies@aljazeera.net
! : (+961-1) 785107 - 785108 - 786233 ".# : 13-5574 $ 1102-2050 : (+961-1) 786230 $ %&! ' : http://www.asp.com.lb
: bachar@asp.com.lb
! "# $! %& ' ( )* + , * )- . / 0, 12 3#4 0! 5- * .
:
(+9611) 785107
:
(+9611) 786233
................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 7
: : ................................ ................. 13 ................................ ................................ ........................ 15 ................................ ................................ ................................ .19 ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 27 : ! : "# $% ................................ .............. 37 ! : "# ................................ ................................ ............... 37 $ % ! : & & ................................ .......... 40 ! ' &( : " ( ( ................................ ..... 52 & : '% (' ! )* + , ................................ ......... 75 )* %+ , & ................................ ................................ .................... 75 - ,$ ................................ ................................ ................................ .85 &( # .+$ - ................................ ................................ ......... 98 / 0 ) 2 ( -4 5 % ................................ .................... 109 : ' (- ' ( ' ................................ ............... 123 -4 * % *5 &( ................................ ........................... 123 0( ' / : / * 2006 ................................ ...................... 129 / * '6 % $ &( / ................................ ..................... 139 % %75 ................................ ................................ ............... 144 / 5 : * 8 ................................ ................................ ..... 151
. : .# ( I) : '#- / '#- ......................... 159 $6 96 +( * ................................ ................... 159
5
( 8 %7 ................................ ................................ ................. 178 % ( 8 ................................ ................................ ..................... 189
% : .# ( II) : 0'# ................................ ............ 197 ;+/ % ................................ ................................ ................. 197 / ) ( ................................ ................................ ................. 206 < / &( $ ................................ ................................ ..... 211 ( I) : , (' % 2 ..................... 231 %$ ................................ ................................ ............................. 231 4 ( ................................ ................................ .......................... 245 ( II) : ................... 257 =/ & $ $ ................................ ................................ .......... 259 $ % & " ( 8 .4 ................................ ......... 263 * & * ( ................................ ................. 269 0> ,$ % %& ................................ ................................ ... 275 % %& 0> 5 ................................ ................................ ..... 280 % %& 0> 0&2 ................................ ............................ 282 %+ <$ 5 ................................ ................................ ........................... 290 > ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 301 4 ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 309 ?(@ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 317 % : )! 1 / 2 , : )! 1 / 2
6
! " #! $% &!' !()*+ &," -!./ 01 -2 %3 . 5' $ 6 $ 789 :- ;-./ ;$, < 5=> ? -@A1 B"$% 5'" -=1 -" CD " -.-E F@* -= G" 5 H83 IJ K- ;L! , . "$M &N # O I./ 6 $ & 0-8 P.@ G* " 8 " Q N R # " . " S<.% TQ ", T;U "$V @.W > .-/" 6 $ " X= I( )- &Y S< . Z [/ \L ( (" : ^ $<_ ` TI!8 Xa I@ $+ b "$c ` TXa S-!d S-E P, # .= Xa e I@ " f E # g . S h, b=* & 8 S-, - e . ? -00i j " -. O k &' &d" "* l! . S< > m k &"$ .' k n.(R ", - )0R o@" #p # @ o@ p'$1 q # ngF! -8 *r $ # $= &$ #! ) -. <l (... ; p gi b+'" T-= & u" I0-0 v" -" $" -= ! " -UL!* ! 1= -, 81 '$!q /"$!wi k f<+ TI$= C< 5M E T&8+E / PE Tx-.< T-@.W Q k yz {| " . -l"$M+i -= S-E wJ Z 5 Q! }!( ~L! -!0-0-W !(=," : # O-hi &8 Q -$= l1 b! -$@ $-0" -= $M'i -+ 8 q b+ i " +p! Q #p o@ <- .- <"" TQ"$M " 8 !@ . -$@ @. b3h -+M l # &w S," T"$" .< $= QC!' . 6*" KR S% I@ g" TI@.lR D 8/E I@ 8
7
" )- b+ I0-8 PE " $L k Z .'q a <- b +R " ZM 7=-0R "
R = " I0-8! &g ! G! &, I!@.lR . QC ( " p-.1 I)- $0E <=c" T$L1 " }( -" 6.w ;( ~ &, I=- #! &!' T@!1 " . +' y" b o@ .%=
O 6 $ Q= ;/$8 . -w1 )/R -," x-.< /"$w, n
zd" T7 ( :.
" }=, Z I00i 8 51 A =8
d T
8 -/ G
$ & TS% " Xa Z Te1 Gw. ;
l ;- b!0, 8 {l" Z F8 5 ( 8 " Q"$M = Z H-+ @ !3
p!'$1 . ` T
$ ` T l f( b+' y . Z '$/ $<_ .' Z bM " &$' S-d ) <| ( .(
* q 5' (" gi $% m q &i yz & 8 # $J & Z 7$q nF!0 -' Z -+ 8 !" . g, # =
& 8 5%
y" K c b3h -(i 7"$q # -1 $L b ? " }!( G
p!. (" $L" *-=!A . -+ -/" -+=" -U " T@ " I*+ +d " -" 6.w ;( b3h, !U( -!@ g" . I!li 5J &' y 5J # & 8 / u" 6 $ " . R T7 ( $ Z Tg
-L' x-.< #@ !q &d gi 70, # PpW Xh"" T Xh" ( d T(g"> ID
. ( &, K, b@*
$J, 5 @ Q@ f( d" -/ H8 ( x-.< &, !=
R = hJ <^ <'$/ ? 8! #
$= &$ -=8 k K, w z+E / PI! . (J, H .< 5 @ F f( @ Q" @R Z : 1 . IV
81 @ 1 \$1 6 p! . 2 . -*J" /.w" '$q ? a UJ . 3 . &"$ 1 Z S- I0-0-W 1 .%=
6 $ . "
$, .-( 5M T-" CD
-0 Z QP"$ 5 != }!( P-/d yz w T1= -L"
W u" n% FJ # (z!*+ ¡P"$ T-
$d Z ;
(+ " O = ;+"$ T¢ I8+$* z* d <_ ! & 8 Z .< -)- $0 k n-+ - " \* 5M k d
, }( £ w H8 6 $h # 2 R n.( (" T1 u" n.(
! . y Z @*1 5 = " =i 5' X 7 ( g, . -. &$' .> : ' KAD ")S (") 9
" = {+ Z 6 p! Xh" @
* f!( S<* {.< H F@" uq b Z S-E Z
W -!*J" {-!*J -" " -.-E " - - 1 . ¤ ( # 7 ( . FJ # 7 ( "
/ #@ ' -*J ¢ I!V
-8! X!'" !1 ) " g, ( I.-E wE " ) 5J I0-0-W " I!l"$M+i ( u" = " ) .%=
6 $h ( X-h" T C-D $ FJ # 581 B $0 " <.* , ? 5 != -+ 8 " g, Iw= ¥< . # 7 ( G
- : : IJ 6 $h #@ ! ! b)!+ / 1 / I ) O Q@$ " O@ p!1 ( Xa " 5 10 (@ T
$% W=1
8 @ T g, 7 ( 5!= L #
S : I / IlJ" TIJ / u" . &ª Z #
V «=
" : =, 5! ! . g, 6A "
K "i 5* "i V ,
! !" !" .
81 @ x-.< 8 M 5* 3*
I!.-(*1 ) K$!% ( U/d n
" I.=
81 !@" Q$(_ / -
-8 ( Z QL1 /"$wi " /"$wi ~-A x-.< . ¦$=8
<_ ¬/ -00i e0," "i ("l 1 M 5* 381 '$!q . q 5' " 5| ~8 ¢ $ 5* " q Z ( 11 12 :
: " gi Q-" , #N 5 <-0 Z g, L+ I & 8! Z .! !g," k m= Z
" " gi ;lz 5 5 M! . $!% I@8!
!(" k gY k Z" 0-8 I@.lR wE Z J Z 6 H) " -W-00 =. }( - p . ( {R" {- ~
$ -* I( =1 I=. -. Q$% &, =
/ " H+l @ I .@R &" }!=," . ( &d " -W I %1 A ;- w/E 5-* ( .! Z F!JR " =! 6 0 ". 1 # CM H(
-MM1= =. 6A"," 5@ ~
$ G=!
! Z -0-8 -° -0i P@d d R " -l-08 Z OM/ ) n<*1 0-8 Il-08! ( 6A", C8* Z -M -© "
R -© @ )' -$= =.! M m= =. # Pp . & ( o
" X@L X± # =. }!( {-!+= " -@.lR p
. d l$
R k ZM! 5!= d R" T-! ki Il
d T"i l =
5 T ? TI@.lR z* " 8
g |," -!*-' " ²$ |, (
1 Q*0R " -@.lR H $1
g ) : KR H+W ( y'" T g$ " S- " $=1 ) : ZM H+W k i Il
.( O+W @ @ yz" -0-8 -© <" 5D ? -*- TIU< 5-3 Z TO= #! CJi 13 .! Z =1 ." 2 b 1 n A Z .'q -0-8 a 5% y" E H(z 5 .=0R 7(z = 6!A"i {-!d Q@ #
$*1 ³= ²/ .=0R Q= k n@ Z I@"p @ H(z 5M 1994 . {+, ´ T0 6A T& 8 / I!* k # &$ X+ # $M', = R F!0 k ²-J #@ 3
g " TI 5 g, # !=
g ! ( $.0R gF -- " g p-+-" <)-8+ $h@" Q/ . K, # w Z , / Z & 8 g ) a nation in the making .( p8
-MM1@ "' & 8 #@
!q &d "q &, d Q|E n O$ $ Z b=Aµ" ? =!1 ) 1884 k 1885 ( -.= B$µ@ (" #@ &"$1 <=A" ? "q o= m -/ Q H ", -
$, 7§ O Q/ " -$@ @¶ "q }( b.8 Q Z Z $DN E I0-0 &-' #! $!M', . O .8 $@ - ´ & 8 Z ;FM " & 8 7l O u|i " T& 8 " -!-, , §" O " T 7$§"
$| O F8 " Q"§p " T& 8 " $! -=!h & 8 ) .( d b R @¶ O b @ ;L
, := [/" 14
( 6 $h d bL, L d +!1 . S-(* Ty ;= T$<_" -$= - " ZM PF=0R " PE " x-.< 5M Q!l . $% ID
y #@ p@ #N R ? " g, FJ # . g," " g, "l d ;R", -E <-
? - $, hJ" M m= ¸ S(, 5 ? K & 8 -
$i Q$D Qh {+ &-l"$M+i {*
(a microcosm of Africa) .
:
.=0R S(!0 ! ) F/R ( <-= ?
g," " g, Z I!""i .=0R <¸ ? "q FJ # yz" n- M m= & -
$!i Q! Z ) Q|E b0 .' .( Z 6A"i b+' .=0R 5 d ;l *a1 -0-8 +- b
= -/ -=- Q C8 Q! <- 0" Hl d
w o bJ M " D " li <- . Z" QC' -, -0-8 "3 # m Q$* y! . S-(* f + Q b$@" ;.-d ", T
@$ 7= 8 ;-@ ;.-d {+'
=
R !1 p!-3 -@ p 7= 8 -++" -@$| - ;'. 4 "q &, C§ =1 <¸ ?! =81 .&"$ O$ $ Z Q &-""i ) 1884 k 1885 ( ? I( " g,"
8 K, T1 }( l", . D " # 5M p$" ", ', FJ #
< $% #N
FJi " S-! " . w $h= }( &, ¹/F1 M $h@ . f( # - ;
D ;*
$=
B$!=µ #! "
º " .' # I( "( "k P SL Q» !1 " ! $8!'" . -(1 ¼=c
" ) ½I( " ½( (k -/ K, }C§ #@ }p- ?
$(W {*h @ .1 PI ", a . 5 d #!N" #@ a p- ? -'8 " Bh"i # @. T}C!§ 6
Z O.< #=µ ", O+l O ngF Q"$A
$
# f( # K$* H+W K, T$ " H+l !" K= K=1 ( I= I!.= H!+W " . 7
( .). y
( $* &, .'" " 15
!( . $* =c -00, F@
< zd T} $, # G .
!(" T{-a| ¸ u"
$* {.8" 8 {$" {'0 $w," . #N" -F0E
5M D " # <=. Q/ "
( 5 &, -!d Q!= ´p
! " -$!=
! " - . #w Z -
XU w" -, l ;FM. + 1 " TO
= Tg" 5M -$=
<=.> I!$= . z f( &, .' -F0E 5M T
#! k +"$ Q/ " < &
&, #N T-$= "
FJi " S- " # 5M M
$Ji $h= ! pU' S(, 5 ? Q|E b0 .'
. M " -E #@ q Q$| Q \$
#@ !q . &i ;Rl" ;-
$h@ $M', # CD1 # !( . @ X-h ( G
" Mq " (the newly emerging states) / F0 @ b/ ? ;M $ 16 M m= Z 81 -w " b3h,
-E ²R 8!+ 0.1 " P g, #! != &'i .)8
( < ? . y " w 6"$1 {l ?
L o', # Q/ "
!g, b3!A, -MM1= ) 5 17 ") -! ( 6.lR " 0-8 #
- Z &M/ ,! &, !=" TX!± ! Sh -J # &"$!3
) -U ( n.(F "@ S( &d Xa ", C Z $Dhi / }( qd S O &, = G-A," $Dh, / "
$ @ *§d" 5(> {8
" -@.lR " -0-8 Q-q [ ' # (l" . #@ (p- - UJ d d OM/ # CM' .@ !" ) - ( #@" -l
'" I@.l ' §-h >" ¿& Z $= . @" + -E @. O QCM' (ethnic group) T i " (Nation) -l
© O" T -!E (ethnocentrism) - ", i -l
, O!" T (Nationalism) . i # G-A," $Dh, -E @. &, @ 6¶d f!(" . &," " -E " G, - # I@.lR p1 " I8* H-'$! . E @. "
$
.' - -!¸ " # &"3
" <-d &8
# ( $, @ Q! Q"$L! -0-0" - :0, @ n i & .- <F0, ." -¸ &, @ -+d QJ d {!
"d 6l T- -E @. d i h, - 6!ld" Nationalism d
E ethnocentrism {+, ( QJ" T d I<
"
$= " (Racism) . 13 O G
$* K"$L #. " : 14 ,. -!E @!. : <- /" BF0i :*+ # 3 $, @.).' 5J
", Àµ #1 Rd $ R - " -'0 ²," -l- UJ y -=1 -E @. . 7. -E : <-= -d @. PR = " P.+R I(" . .
!E k -!l
' ethnocentrism / p!'$. ", . I(" -E @. A <-= -d @. d p-3 #@ o=
I8*+ ~! UJ " T<-@ <-L!*"
$!Ji @. 5' @ (p- d e I<
$Ji |PI
$= # . @.). -00i "
"$L +1 /, ( $= ",
$= !, KL= H-'$ " 5 5M Qp-UJ l
Il- 0, @
$ 18 '$ " -l l" ¦ $ " &! " . , " -$= " ", " " @R @ -E p-'$ ` T
$@ @
$@" $@ @ $@ p-. &NE d
K Il- H+W Z"
g Q$ -+1, Z <. bh" ? [ " @ $ y d -! -
$, 7!l PL- - K$= Sq <@ Z )
i .( 15 #@ o=" & 8 <- #" m= " # CM' Z <8*+ .
Z hJ
- Z & S(, 5 -E &Y Q|E b0 !.' M m= . 0 3 &i -E n<* @ B I@8
(" 8
B . F@ Z
$, 5-
-0 Z $!= !( d C!' !/ d & 8 Z 7W " . .' $| *8', S!)= Z Ethnic
$= = (race) . R -$= " Q
$ @. d -l P.+ P 0 != )
", -/ ", -0 .( R" !+ Q"$L! != y-/ \" y " fP S K ZM fP. y
( S(i " TI-=1 . -E &, Q"$L :- {+ B $@R #N .- Z {+, Rd T Q ZM P.+R k ", - =. # CM' Z P.+R O ;3A " ;gF y( !´ -! ZM " E . Z ;FM. -$= @. # ;CM' ´ & 8 ) -E ", ( Qp-. - UJ 5. 7l Z 8+i " T&$' 7l Z " T& 8 Z O- 5M! 7W 5U y'" T& 8
$| . -" @" (-" < $ < <. & 8 Z -$= @. - #@ (p- ? <'!0 ²!," . }( l" x
=" -@A -2 B"$_ {./ -+ 8 !" 5!_ Z @!. b9 Z $Dl . $< ", ¥ m < z. 5* ( |, ? -E }( 5' Q/ " -+ 0 Z &© ¬!/ . -+ 0 - #@
q ~
y -+ 0
(" . O \ 5 @ -$= M " IF0E #
5| "
$= " < 6ld # ¥!
! ! " - " d " -E 19 " wd Z ;-0-0 ; & $= & ( 5|" -!E }!( S!%= y0.1 I0-8 &- ( 5J Z Q$A/ -E b- #"
p'$ #
/"$w, 5=* ;* := ? -$= D " =W IF0E -d @¶ 5 hj
$Ji M @ .8!
;-! . }( &, C§ -M " -!E P.!+R )
( Qg") ~8 d $<% &@$0 , @. }( # K, $=| .' I0-8 " &- P.+R -' & !E k 20 G--L ", -0" l PL@, SA FJ # S -!E -!-
k -E @.W B(, H8/ k Ilj
" TP.+R Q$U ) ("/ ( " /1 1 " QV [/ ;= <.@ =-w
S
" TI!J " 5!.= ) !wE Z
$Ji -E @.W # (C§ ", I .( @.W -+. " P.+R = S<3"
21 -E " :
$= # "i ) W ( @.W &Y u" T@.W { 3 K " 5h, # ( $, 3
-/ $ " n $ <- .- \$ -$= / . = -$= @.W !, " -$= k -M ." Z &'$
# yÃ", e ¾µ" m &d" #w S<' ? @.W # S(C§ #@ S(p- -= - !¸ / " I$@ 5h, # "3
. 21 -E .' na8
B0 3 ( &, C§ -$/ ¶$ ¶$ (@ Q$*1 #@ ´E
p- (ethnicity) -$= 5 ," -$= D Z . .' na8
3 # " -d " 5hi b i b8- T .'
Z ;' 5" ;- ;R b8' i 5 TH83 F8 ",
6 $h / Z -0-0 F_ . E b3h, # CM I0-8 $0F ;
5 RR = - * ", 8+ d K" Q
l -0-0 +-' GÅ i "! Q!l .
$D / }( ³!=" ) -E ( T
$= \ " @ n ? T#! R " P.+ ' -J F@
, I Z Q$ T(l" Q !q !0-0 . ;$ q l" &
Q! R!/ Z" -@.lR / } -0-8 22 o'i . Z -@$! . #@ -M S<UJ -/ # (·L@, X2 " Qp-B $@, &
" T. Z ",
$J, @¶ Z #
$!J© PL!@i - -/ # Qp
. @.)' / =! &!
!c" ". 24 ( I00, $=' - 3 ( }
K %1 I
X
$= k H+¯ M k & 8 Z
5- Z . #@ {M/ Z &-§ &($ {-d H(z G*
;L
, 1 !( "
d -E &, &"$
# -lE 5/ Z OM/ ³= {-d H(z " -E I!( " : o', . Z x-= ;-8+ QCDh ", -@$ &8 # @¶ . }( &," /
", T( $, O \$ !@.W
$= \ " TS<- , M " " ... 25 ;L ( na0 # 7$
(" D " = " # 5M -E + {-!d &d -/ -+ 8 -W q X-h Z ~!. 3! "
$= \ " M " " l+p Z 5M. & 8 7l Z -+
$i " = <-d ;L ? D y'" . @ #@ X± . <a0 -3-81 # 8 , Z -$= D " IF0E # d 8 ? .
( 5 -W a <!0 . Z -W q Xh ~1 na0 Z 3 ( }> gp=
-d H(z ! & 8!
-8 Z -E n<* na8 ? 8+- X
$= {
$= B $.' -+ o @01 Z " K (Race) . - ¼=c -E n<* na0 OM/ # $*+ f( (Ethnic nationalism) T T-+, T
D 5M !"", Z " $!<_
23
<
$Ji Uj Qp-. ;Fh, Ql -$@ . QU8 =1 b+'" -U I( (primitive) Q= -"" . I< RF8 -/+ #" k 7W Z k g" O--+" O-/ O " $! S(C§" + . I( Q/ " ¸ <- .> <'" , " -$@ C§ " 5 Z )H§, ( . .
-8 ( Z -E n<*1 3 na0 Z }>R ( gp=
y' -@.lR -M $ ¼=c n<*. $J X
$= {-d C!
. -E @.W ( ! " Qp-. Ã*' . Z , @ " / Q/ T -@ " B(, G-3 (PL@, f$ ", Ê= I(" '$ S-!" Ë
!" -!" "z ;-@.l ;.-% ($(l Z &i T'$ -@.l " T
! T-!0-0 Z! !0, ". 27 / / 8 7W " -+
$, " @ " -0-0 B(, G-3 }PL@, f$" {Ã= '$ Ë
" . /, 5
(" . 7W F@ -|d Z .<1 H+ W . #@ Q@ 8-81 -E &Y QCJi 1 } ;!w " $
@¶ .' T<-hJ" (l f d ;L
, <
" T#L Ì!J 8!/d <(" T'$1 g$ " S- # @." g p@R ;=| y! " / "
" I0-0 w { -!d @!.).' ". 28 B(, " $" ¤ Sq ", *+R O 8-81 -!E ) & 8 7l ( 1 ", <-@$|" " wd #.A = <@A", O8!3 ) \0" Z ) " {$|" & 8 .( n<* =8 0 }( &Y -E " -i n<* O W #@ ;-=" 5M -
-, & &' -d C§ ", -d @¶ & -i &i -i - ", TI!$= 7$D1 Z $o 5M
D ", T$ Z ²i O- 5M + " Z I8 5M - ", T-+
Z +p 5M -$!= ", T-!-' Z +"!" K -
$, Z " O
-0© 5M Q! " -!, ", T k
+ <=. <- /
T{-d P.+R $=! Z $!Dl k ;+-/, k 5 # S% 8/E =w &- p'$1 / Xc <-3 =8
£ <=.> ;
< = ;" 0-8 ;L
p'$1 8 }> . 24 Q XJ #" -E 1 5/ A" -
$i a b"/ ! :=+ . S$%+ BFJR yz l$
" H-0i " 5U0 Z i !@ S<!W=
$!w . d i O-0-8 Q W @ Q # " ( Z #
-J : I*-_ +R " 7=-0R . "i -a 8 @ 5.=
" T$J© -hÅ B$=
R {+i ;$ o=
d {U =8
" {UDd ", { d 0 " -={ wd Z yz Z c /1 5U0 .'q -§i Q! na!0 . 5q -j F0R = " -§ b!<> " " 5J *a1 -E @.W 7=-0 "3c yz" I 5! Ed w .'q @.W #
" . Z 7=-0R 0-0 b " n% -
$, / 7p!q ) I!=-0R ( - ;=0 " 7 ~* -pq
= &, )9 -w Q/
" . S-8" nz$ " . 29 7=-0R 0-0 $) "
O 6 $ ;+-/,
," gi " $AR #
= . I*-_ +R !0-0 !, R @¶ PL@, O l" =
< l" d 8 <" TO'$
( ", l" d Q"$L! 8! 0i '$! 3! . 801 #=8 @.W PL@, &
" O-0-8 Q d S$%+ &, .' T-@* <*U_" K b !.U k @ #0 ", Oqh S( k XU_ }( P , @ S d 8 . 30 &Y q # S§$ = *a1 " Z $3 R -E !1 &d -1@ Q$(_ E =! . I(" k PM0R ³= @ k " Qp-.1 .8 m!= . 31 H8 <1 (-=
-0 Z" X= # |, Z -i " -J 6A"i $0 " -w Q/ " I0-8 . :-" -E / 3.
Ìj 6A1 &Y & 8! !/ Z QC' 8+ 5
T;FM T& 8 7l &i -!i k & 8 k ;.)/ M 7
" ) 30 % ( ;+0 n@ Z $ $J |, -/ 1999 d n u / S!, ) 8 ( .8+ &- )
$l d P/ X-h Z 0 2008 ¬/ #" ;-¸ )- #=µ m 7 ( ' Ë
! ( -= '$q $w Z ´ 5 -$= -/ # - $DW "q 7W g"> d C
& 8 $
$3 SL 25 -
$!i
! ) -$= C§ K, (
( Z I
$J, -d @¶ )
o' ( &$' 7l R" Z 5M & 8 Z Gw Q@ Z O-W Q/ " -
$i 5U " u. & 8
$| 7l Z 8+i " T& 8 \!0 & 8! 7$!§ Z -´p! " ) ( T¤o Tb-81 " TQ"§p T* 5M (C§" F* " Tl T+o To T! T$!) " . O 8 ~l ? " -$= C§
" 5hi z @.W £ 3l c ", K"8! 8 $w Z ;h (F@, y'" ;!.' <!§, &-!W 5!
Qp'$.1 " & 8 Z ;-¸ /"$1 -8-U$
#@ Qp-. -$@ @.).' -$= M " IF0E # / .
" ZM " E 6 # = ? " $M', # & 8 ¾=µ" u / SL
-!/ K!D " 572 5 T- 50 C' - @. < Q !0 [3!
" 115 !D . G- Z -0-8 a ´ n= 8+" -. ;U@ b8- b3h, -L }( &Y I 5 -.@" n)8+R 581 Z 8 Q/" i ;< y ;=" TnF8 ;< 5 H83 7!0i y!z" ( Z {-* ¤
@ QCM' 0 } . b.8 " Q 8+ 5 < 5' -d @. d & 8 &0 -.= 0 I
.' : 32 ) 1 :(
!" ! % % % 39 30
)
( 13 % % % %
) ( 6 ) ( 6
) ( 3
! 3 % 100 26 I ", I$= ", ", KD 6 &d ;L
,
# d T-=1 " I0-8 $0R @ ;$J { z / Z 5
R :--8 6 ) Q|E b0 .' ( yz d K
K ( . Z U8 ( (" ¡PM0 :- & 8 " TM m= " S%= . : g, & #N 5* ( # G8 PpW Z Pl @ ;8!-0 i " g, #@ 5* R -+ 8 " -
$ . {
f< R n*+ O @1 -
$i " {/ K . -" " 80 . # S§$ @ , Rd I!""i .=0F b=LJ ? -
$i " O ! F!JR ;=-!¶ " $D y b+ T-""i +- $§ @ <- Í ; -
$, #@ ;-" ;
$ ... Q@d" -
$i " y-* .=0R "/ " .-<1
" -$D Q S%+ P ." 33 .=0R R" # S§$ @" Á*q Z b3´ 7= }( &, Rd 7= Ë
" -M
C -! ! 27 m -
$i " &, Z OM/ # CM G*
.=0R $) -/+ #!.
.=0
F- + I( 5 -J " + #! "
.=!0R != . -MM1= " # (C§" -
$i " &Y! ` #!" " ? -1= 0-8 --
<'-(" -'0 F!J #! b8!@ I0-8 Ë
" -""i
<§h" <!| . Í " # 5 ( S@ -""i
5 # }!d -1= -¸,$ FJ # 28 " 5= &' -w $N /FhE I!1= {l! !wd Z -
$!i # 6+ <+ }< Z 1 . 5 "" $< #
p!1 { b+' (" 381 @ p! 6R+ d K ?
!0-0 -. -.@ !@ Q$! E " Fh p 29 q . f| ¹/R .' (W. A. Shack) Z
$Lq - Q$(_ 3
(" Z
$Lq Q-q Z +R " X
$ Z - Q-q #@ !*+R &, -!-, - PL@, O \ $! X=L!
R M!q &!1 k &- o- S( .' &-8!'1 " k @ Tn
d" <
Tyz # := . 42 - b3h," ¡P§ , ;-l
R " -0-8 <0 S-%= Ha ³= {a8 . @ " D1 )< -E
&, &"C! &-8!'1 !, < 5 B0" TMq =. Z ; !(g"> S!
B!0 -! - *-! ... R 31 & B0" k I P.+R :-" k I@.lR f $q KD ?! I!( . ;L
, &=
+' &-F0E , k O-8'1 " O- o- S<FJ S§$! k n pR " n= I@ g .' {+, Z <.W ²$^ .' T! - { PR" -9 n= IF0E - Q/ -F0E i # ¡Ppl C
" . 43 /"$wi " R1 bÎ'" .81 y 5 b/w, / . -0-8
-@ Z" I@.lR f $q Z Q Q$A/ - b! g !. -/ M! m!= " Z !hJ ¹/F
)f| ( @ &% i &, Z S<
L@ @" T-! S<!
( . S-(*c &"$*
;.U S(" TX
$ " -*j !1 " &1 i
R " -@.lR +i S%= {) .' T = F= +- X_µ <-=*" &1 Z - 80 P+d d
$U ;CJ, <- @ &=
? -*
$
$ . 44 & 8 Z [ \L ( P, Xr # 5U SL QCM' +-'" + ¥= nw$j .h= ´ -/ *M1 Ha ¬/ - F y b .>" & 8! . F p - Z Q$A/ 8 I0-8 5= Z" I@.lR . Ã= " -0-8 '1 D .8 5 - b! g ! & 8 Z -0-8! . I2 -h$ z & 8 Z 8-U$ 7 p/i ¬/" C w ) Iw $N KR 7pq " i 7p/ 5M ( -*Uw 7 p/, I( !" IU< 5-!3 Z - . m" 5 -@.lR -'$ }( q / -0-8 . gi M Q$8 C§ "" x( I0-0 n%+ &!'" . ~h, ;-1= 30 $M'i " ;-0-0 ; $A $M'i " ;$ $M'i T
$1 " ;lz! & 8! ? " u" . #! ;!/ 5 TH+ W -¶ # X
$ &8+d <- =
\*
Z @l N !h . nw$j X3h ", $
) Z 17 / 8 / 2008 ( &, 21 -3c +' - # ;w ,y- Z T7 " R ;@l ! T7!W . C) d 6W
," 7000 Q" Gw1 d . ( " Q d Z .'q a 5
:!=
. x-=
K, d :=
" '$ g, Z & 8 . 5' Z g, |PI : TSq Z g, T-@$ Z g, Z g," Tgi Q d Z g, T-. Q d Z g, T6 $ Q d Z g, d Z g," /1 1 Q d &, ¬/
" ZM 6 " E = Q
H' &$' R" Z .<1 Gw1 -8)+ # OM!/ !/, : "d& H8 d = $* &," Tx X
Z $* -+ 8 !" x-.< ] u 5* $%+, [ Q$(_ g"o p-.
K$Lq $* ~h," !i ", (ethnicization of poverty) 5-M. " o'i 6. &, -/ o'i - S-i # -E # S( P $* $| \0" ". 45 Ha &, "
" 3h gi "l Z $* R -+ 0 / n, (Sudan syndrome) I(" gi / . $h
-8 !( Z $
$3 -= '$3 n= Oi n, & -8 & 8 & Q$ # $!M', & 8! " -A" ¥L N@" Q0" | " G!i . n, !" )
* = P g 0U $
g" H &' K nF8! ( ¦"* Z 1
*+d H8 $j 31 -+ 8 " }( &, #N @ Q" P8*-8* ) .)81 C§ &© ¬!/ ( OM/ ³= <*
? -MM1= " lz ", ; 5 " " I@.l P J " b , ¼=c " 6"$ &"" = I@.l > &" Q$-0 g 32 G-3 $0R G-3 <*_"" <! 33 # $% & ' 1 "
! # $ & ' ( ) "
'* '+ , - 1983 2 . .
/0 "
: 12' ' )
/' ! 3'' 4 $- 0'- " 6 . ! : http://www.fikrwanakd.aljabriabed.com/philosophie.htm 3 . 6*' .& 0 ' # - 0 73 ) . 8( 9& ( - 0 . ;' ' . 6< .
= - 6* . &* " ;' "
= > 0 *' )8+ . ) ('' ?! ' (
= > ' @/ ) ' 0A . - '3 3 ' ) ' (' * - : equitable and comprehensive development ( . ) balanced dev. ( * - . ! 8( 08 ) @ . ; ... ( .' 8( ! B C! 0 3=' @' 08 ' ' D 08 ! ;* 0' . 4 . . ' '
: '2 *- 6* #E !+ 1996 264 5 . . ! @'- @' ) = www.albayan-magazine.com/ Dialogue/101/ . 'E F# ' 'E D G *- G : www.islamweb.net 7 . H H !" # : E ?/ # '' E ) > ! 8' , " $ ) ! G 'E " .+ I - * 20 / 11 K 2 / 12 / 2004 ( 8 . .( .' ) = # $
. 9 . @3 .0' ! (' 8+ ) ./ : ;* ' C' 1988 1 10 . '*'! , ! %&
' ( # . . ) 7'' : ! , 1992 (. 11 . $ . ) "
* ) )3= ( @' . @
' " : .' ! 0' &G " )'0 18 K 19 ' 2002 32 12 . - 6' * ' +
$ G )'0 : ;* G 1998 19 . 6 34
Made with FlippingBook Online newsletter
R ( " #" y+ (G. A. Frank) &,
$
K ..." G8 ( Z M m= Z Q* ² 8" *r D-h GJ 5l, # 5- Rd 5!=* m" . PL@, ~h," P $* O=U " P-§i #
$1 O P0" $ a }!( ) O/F* .( G
" o Q* S0 y+ $
(Comprador)