The Diplomatic Instrument represents the power of persuasion. This includes negotiations, oral and written diplomatic communications, as well as the political systems and trajectories of states, including the extent to which their domestic political regime types align. 01. The Informational Instrument encompasses the efforts of governments to disseminate and collect information in an effort to tell a government’s story to an audience with the hope of building support for it. 02. [26, p. 278] [26]
03.
The Military Instrument includes, but is not limited to, the capabilities inherent in the armed forces and other security services of a state. This may or may not include military operations; arms sales, exercises, and military education and training also comprise the military instrument. For this paper, Russian and Chinese security contractors, like Russia’s Africa Corps, are also included in the military instrument. The Economic Instrument leverages a state’s wealth to influence others. In the positive sense this might include trade, economic aid, and foreign direct investment; in the negative sense actions like sanctions, tariffs, embargoes or even blockades (although this also requires use of the military instrument) also qualify as use of the economic instrument. 04. [26, p. 281] [26, p. 277]
// RUSSIA AND CHINA IN AFRICA Delphi Global Research Center
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