the “Zeitenwende” framework, including rearmament, increased defence spending, and the expansion of Germany’s role within NATO and the broader European security architecture. It also analyses the impact of the war on German energy policy, German-Russian relations, and the reconstruction of Germany’s defence industrial base, alongside the growing doubts regarding the long-term reliability of US security guarantees that have encouraged Berlin to adopt a more autonomous security posture. The study concludes that Germany has entered a phase of redefining its strategic role in Europe, although the sustainability of this transformation will depend on Berlin’s ability to balance military expansion with economic sustainability and domestic political and social consensus. Keywords: Germany, Russian war on Ukraine, civilian power, Zeitenwende, NATO, European security, rearmament, strategic autonomy, energy security.
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